3-cancer molecular therapy

Question 1

treatment modalities

Answer 1

1. chemotherapy
2. radiation
3. surgery

Question 2

conventional chemotherapy exploits _______ to target tumor cells

Answer 2

growth differences

Question 3

conventional chemotherapy can be ___ and ____

Answer 3

cell cycle specific
non cell cycle specific

Question 4

what is the most prominent target for differential toxicity to tumor cells

Answer 4

DNA synthesis

Question 5

G1 progression occurs in response to growth factor

Answer 5

originated MAPK signaling at the restriction point

Question 6

S progression is essentially totally committed to

Answer 6

DNA synthesis

Question 7

principle of cell cycle phase specific agents

Answer 7

-usually attacks S phase of the cell cycle
-depends on knowledge of tumor kinetics
-exploits distributed doses

Question 8

what does Ara- C target

Answer 8

DNA replication

Question 9

what does methotrexate target

Answer 9

DHFR

Question 10

what does hydroxyurea target

Answer 10

ribonucleotide reductase

Question 11

how does methotrexate work?

Answer 11

MTX is a folic acid analogue that targets DHFR which synthesizes DNA precursors and allows DNA synthesis

Question 12

methotrexate is _____ specific

Answer 12

S phase

Question 13

hydroxyurea is _____ specific

Answer 13

S phase

Question 14

how does AraC work?

Answer 14

AraC adds a fraudulent nucleotide and targets DNA replication

Question 15

principle of cell cycle non specific agents

Answer 15

-induce apoptosis without cell cycle specificity
-typically targets faster metabolism tumors

Question 16

examples of cell cycle non specific agents

Answer 16

-anthracycline
-cis-platinum

Question 17

what is anthracycline

Answer 17

binds DNA but causes widespread cellular damage

Question 18

what is cis-platinum

Answer 18

cross links dna

Question 19

what are hormone sensitive tumors and an example

Answer 19

some tumors depend on a hormone to grow
breast cancer- depends on estrogen

Question 20

what are newer and experimental therapeutic modalities ?

Answer 20

-signaling and small molecules
-differentiation induction therapy
-siRNA, miRNA
-antibody therapy
-bone marrow transplantation
-gene array analysis to monitor response

Question 21

small signaling molecule principle

Answer 21

growth factor signaling restricts cell cycle

Question 22

principle of differentiation induction

Answer 22

convert the tumor to a near normal cell, relieving tumor burden and restore differentiated cell function

Question 23

principle of antibody drug therapy

Answer 23

-use a monoclonal antibody to target a tumor specific antigen
-use a monoclonal antibody to target a molecule on which tumor growth depends on

Question 24

principle of bone marrow transplantation

Answer 24

-treat patient with cytotoxic agents to aggressively kill tumor and hematopoietic capability is destroyed
-restore hematopoietic capability by bone marrow engraftment

Question 25

gene expression arrays

Answer 25

means of monitoring tumor and host response to the drug to optimize drug delivery, minimize toxicity

Question 26

2 small RNA mediated ways to regulate expression of a targeted gene

Answer 26

anti-sense
siRNA
ribo-switch

Question 27

antisense

Answer 27

a fragment from a coding region that binds the mRNA and targets the dsRNA for degradation via ribonuclease H

Question 28

siRNA

Answer 28

fragment transcribed from non-coding RNA that specifically targets complementary mRNA and recruits the RISC complex to degrade the mRNA
-results from pol3 produced miRNA digested by DICER and typically targets 3’ UTR

Question 29

ribo switch

Answer 29

larger fragment derived from non coding mRNA that binds the mRNA, recruits other proteins and gets translated

Question 30

what are synthetic RNAs that mimic/target microRNA

Answer 30

miR

Question 31

what is miR

Answer 31

small fragments of non coding RNA that have cell type specific expression
-targets a number of putative regulatory genes for mRNA degradation by binding at 3’UTR

Question 32

miRNA controls cell

Answer 32

proliferation and differentiation

Question 33

miR is differentiated by size

Answer 33

small, intermediate, long

Question 34

advantage of drugs mRNA expression is their _________

Answer 34

potential target specificity

Question 35

what are the major cyclins that govern G1, S, M

Answer 35

D, E, A, B

Question 36

cyclin/CDKs are regulated by

Answer 36

CDKIs, p21, p27

Question 37

goal of combination therapies

Answer 37

mitigate toxicities and maximize targeted toxicity

Question 38

redundant function contributes to

Answer 38

survival