3. Body control Flashcards
Motor
= movement
Nervous system
Cranial nerves/ spinal
= 12 pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain
- have several functions that are critical in day to day life
= 31 pairs of spina nerves emerge from the spinal cord
- receive sensory information from peripheral and
regulates activity of trunk and limbs
LEARN PICTURE
What does the Central nervous system consist of?
= The brain and spinal cord
The Bain?
= major control centre
- cerebrum (cerebral cortex) divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres
- each hemisphere coordinated the opposite side of the body
- highly folded with gyri (ridges) and sulci (groves) increasing surface area
- Each side has 5 lobes
- Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and insula - each
with a different function
- Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and insula - each
- protected by skull (bone), membrane and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
The spinal cord?
= main pathway connecting brain and peripheral nervous system
- nerves within the spinal cord group together in different bundles called tracts
- ascending tracts carry info from the body up to the brain / descending tracts carry info from the brain down to initiate movement and control body functions
- protected by bone and CSF
Frontal lobes
- speech
- conscious intellect
- judgement
- learned voluntary motor function
Parietal lobes
- recognition and correlation of sensation
e. g. facial recognition
Temporal lobees
= hearing and memory
Occipital lobes
= primary visual cortex
The insula
- emotions
- pain perception
- social engagement
Cerebellum
- coordination
- balance
- posture
- learn movement
Thalamus
- relay station
- sensory processing
Hypothalamus
= controls homeostasis and ANS
- regulates thirst, feeding, pituitary hormones, temp, BP
Limbic system
- group of structures which form emotional feelings, interacts with cognitive brain
Reticular activating
= part of reticular formation “wake up” which stimulates cerebral cortex, filters sensory input
(motivation attention)
Brain stem
= controls all basic activities of CNS
- consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
Midbrain
= important function in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye and audible/ visual processing.
Pons
= conduction pathway between higher and lower brain centres, respiratory control, emotional behaviour, physiological responses
Medulla oblongata
= control of HR, BP, RR, vomiting, swolling, coughing
- contains many cranial nerves
Stroke affect brainstem
= thus a stroke in brainstem can impair any/ all vital functions
Peripheral nervous system
= connects body to CNS
- divided into sensory and motor division
Sensory division
= afferent division
- afferent = going towards CNS
- sensory receptors respond to change in the environment including light, temp, pressure, chemical, pain and sends sensory info to brain via dorsal root ganglia
Motor division
= efferent division
- efferent = going away from CNS
- divided into somatic and autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
= conducts nerve impulses via motor neurons from CNS to cause contraction of skeletal muscles
- voluntary movement
Autonomic nervous system
= is involuntary nervous system as we have no control over it
Divided into parasymphatic and sympathetic division
Parasymphatic division
= rest and digest
Sympathetic division
= fight and flight
