3. Accidente si Complicatii ale anesteziei Flashcards

1
Q

Accidente locale

A
  1. DUREREA
  2. LEZIUNI VASCULARE
  3. PAREZA FACIALA TRANZITORIE
  4. ANEST. TRANZIT A N.AURICULOTEMP
  5. TULB OCULARE
  6. RUPEREA ACULUI
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2
Q

1.DUREREA - etiologie

A
  1. intepare trunchi nerv / teaca nerv
  2. intepare sau traumatizare tesuturi
  3. distensia sau dilacerarea tesuturilor
  4. solutiile anest
  5. anest in tes. inflamate
  6. erori de subst
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3
Q

Inteparea trunch nerv/teaca

A

frecv la anest.tronculare perif

n. intr-un canal (inclusiv n.pal>)

durere fulguranta (locala/iradiata) de scurta durata

in dintii ter de inerv

anest e prelungita (5-6 ore)

acc.poate provoca nevrita

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4
Q

Intepare / traumatizare tesuturi

A

punctii repetate /bizou tesit

dilacerare a fb musc, aponevroze, ligamente

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5
Q

Distensia brusca / dilacerarea tesuturilor

A

inj cu pres / cantitati excesive

durere vie

in zone cu tes.inextens: fibromuc P, gingivo-muc alv fixa, periostul

ideal : inj 1ml/min

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6
Q

Solutiile anestezice

A

dureri violente, instantanee

din cauza pH / urme alcool/ antiseptic

principala cauza = pH (5/ 3-3,5) - combatere prin asoc cu bicarbonat de Na ( Onset)

daca sol anest e contaminata =>lez tisulare cu aparitia:

trismus, edem, posibil parestezie tranzit.

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7
Q

Anest in tes inflamate

A

HCl - imbunatateste sol in apa si stabil

baza neionizata difuzeaza in nerv

Efectele aciditatii locate:

1.limitarea formarii bazelor neionizate

intarzie instalare anest si prof anest

2.modifica produsii de inflamatie

exudat infl ↑conductibilitate nerv

↓ pragul nerv

3.absorbtia mai rapida a anest

vase sg dilatate

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8
Q

Metode anest in tes infl

A

anest tronculara periferica

anest in baraj (inj unor cant.anest. mai>) - asig nr> baze nemodif (neionizate)

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9
Q

LEZIUNI VASCULARE

A

Inteparea vaselor

Hematomul - obrazului / la Spix

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10
Q

Hematomul

A

rareori in bolta pal (tes dense)

frev la tuberozitate

incidenta scazuta: Spix, canal mentonier

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10
Q

Hematomul obrazului

A

in F.I.T.

tumefactie geniana (extindere spre ant si int)

lezare: plex venos pterig
art. alv.post-sup
art. max.interna (sit.post,med.sup de tuberoz max)

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11
Q

Tratament hematom obraz

A

compresie reg geniana cu palma - cateva min

rulou comprese, D in vestibulul sup

-de-a lungul tuberoz

24-48 ore -pansament compresiv prisnitz rece

>48ore prisnitz cald 20min la 1h - rol analgezic + accelereaza resorbtia

se resoarbe in 7-10zile (cu/fara trat)

recomandare: Antibiotice

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12
Q

Hematom la Spix

A

manif clinice orale

tumef pe fata int.a ram mand

modif culoare muc

Trat: presiuni

antiflogistic local

antibiotice (pt hematoame >> sau la pac. cu tare organice)

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13
Q

Semne clinice PAREZA FACIALA

A

exoftalmie

coborarea comisurii buc

disparitia misc.mimicii

asimetrie faciala

dureaza ore

tulb motorii de durata >> in cazul ischemiei n. (produsa de vasoconstr)

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14
Q

TULBURARI OCULARE

A

difuzare anest in orbita (anest. n. I.O.)

exoftalmie

edem palpebral cu oftalmoplegie

diplopie

uneori pierdere temp a vederii (n.optic)

scurta durata 1-1,5 ore fara trat

ac in orbita :

hemoragii / hematoame i.o./intraoculare

echimoze palpebrale/conj-bulb

tulburari persist vedere

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15
Q

Complicatii locale ale anest

A

1.descuamare ep si ulceratii ale muc

2,necroze ale muc

  1. injectite postanest
  2. trismus persistent
  3. parestezii persistente
  4. alveolita postextr
16
Q

Descuamare ep

A

aplicare timp>> a anest topic

susceptibilitate >> a tes

durere la cateva zile

recomandare: anest in contact cu muc numai 1-2min

durere continua/intensa - antialgice, unguente topice

se remite in cateva zile

alteori ulceratie cu durere intensa la 2 zile de la anest

17
Q

Ulceratia muc - etiol,trat

A
  1. stomatita aftoasa recidivanta - muc mobila (vestibul)
  2. herpes simplex - muc fixa -bolta pal
  3. traumatisme tisulare

trat simptomatic

irigatii locale - antihistaminic + antiinfl + analgezic local

NU se recomanda corticosteroid

(↑ risc suprainfect)

Ulceratiile persiste 7-10 zile

18
Q

Necroze ale muc

A

dupa ischemie prelungita/decolare brutala mucoperiost

frecv la muc fixa P, rar V

ischemie - vasoconstr

Necroza a muc, periost, os

zona necroza=violacee apoi brun-cenusie cu flictene

tes necrozate se izoleaza de muc normala

se detaseaza-sfacele ± sechestre os

zona ulcerativa-marg nereg, fund murdar

dureroasa spontan si la atingere

Rar se suprainfect

Evolutie - 7-10zile

Trat-detasare zone necrozate

mese iodof mentinute cu placa P acrilica

rol antiseptic si epiteliz sec

analgetice + AINS

19
Q

Injectite post-anest

A

punctii septice

Celulite infiltrative / colectii supurate in:

sp. pterigomax
sp. pterigomand

planseu bucal

obraz

favorizanti:tes celulo-adipos >>

hematoame

simptomatologie nespecifica:

tumefactie, trismus

disfagie, dureri nevralgiforme iradiate

dupa 2-3 zile sau > de la anest

nu cedeaza la antialgice obisnuite

Trat- chir in BMF - incizie, drenaj

antialgice +AINS+ antibiotice (in fct de afect.gen asoc)

20
Q

Trismus persistent - (Spix)- etiol

A
  1. punctia anest (infiltratii tronculare trat nevralgie V)
  2. hemoragia (iritatii tisulare prod de sange>>)
  3. cant >> de anest (=>distensii)
  4. punctia septica (supuratie in sp.pterigomand)
  5. ischemia prelungita (vasoconstr)
21
Q

Trismus

A

Faza acuta - precoce la 2 zile de la anest

  • tardiv la 5-6 zile

Trismusul nu are tendinta sa cedeze, ci din contra se accentueaza treptat!

Faza cronica - tardiva - in absenta trat

hematom fibrozat cu contractura cicatriciala=>constrictii mand

22
Q

Tratament-Trismus

A

faza acuta-prisnitz cald 20min la 1h analgezice ±miorelaxante

midazolam (BZD)

mecanoterapie 5 min la 3-4h

ameliorare in 48h

continuare trat pana la remisie completa

daca nu se amelioreaza in 48-72h => incizie, drenaj sub antibiotice

faza cronica - daca nu se amelioreaza dupa trat => consult BMF

poate afecta ATM

23
Q

Parestezii persistente

A

apare dupa ore/zile de la anest

persista luni/ani de zile

Traumatizare trunch nerv/teaca

edem ↑ pres in zona filet nerv

hemoragia in jurul tecii ↑ pres pe n.

Tulburari:

autotraumatisme (muscare, chimice, termice)

afect sens.gustative (n.lingual)

Majoritatea se remit in 8 sapt, fara trat

intereseaza frecv n.lingual

apoi n.alv inf

Trat-monitoriz; vit. B12