[3] PRELIMS | A&P OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
A softly rounded mound of subcutaneous fatty tissue beginning at the lowest portion of the anterior abdominal wall. Covers the front portion of the symphysis pubis.
Mons Pubis
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
Are longitudinal, raised folds of pigmented skin, one on either side of the vulvar cleft.
Labia Majora
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
Are soft folds of skin within the labia majora that converge near the anus, forming the fourchette
Labia Minora
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
A boat-shaped depression enclosed by the labia majora and visible when they are separate, containing the vaginal opening
Vestibule
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
The border between the external and internal genitalia
Introitus (Vaginal Opening)
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
Is located 1–2.5cm beneath the clitoris in the midline of the vestibule; it often appears as a puckered, slitlike opening
Urethral Meatus
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
The urethral meatus is located ____ beneath the ____
1-2.5cm beneath the clitoris
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
At times, the meatus is difficult to visualize because of the presence of ____, small ____, or ____
blind dimples, mucosal folds, wide variations in location
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
Open into the posterior wall of the urethra close to its opening. Their secretions lubricate the vaginal opening, facilitating sexual intercourse
Paraurethral Glands (Skene’s Glands)
External Genital Organs (Vulva)
A thin, elastic collar or semi-collar of tissue that surrounds the vaginal opening
Hymen
Female Reproductive System
Is a muscular and membranous tube that connects the external genitalia with the uterus
Vagina
Female Reproductive System
The vagina extends from the (1) ____ in a position nearly parallel to the plane of the (2) ____
(1) vulva to the uterus
(2) pelvic brim
Female Reproductive System
The vagina is often called the ____ because it forms the lower part of the pelvis through which the fetus must pass during birth
birth canal
Female Reproductive System
Is a hollow, muscular, thick-walled organ shaped like an upside-down pear
Uterus
Female Reproductive System
The uterus lies in the (1) ____ between the base of the (2) ____ and the ____ and above the (3) ____
(1) center of the pelvic cavity
(2) bladder and the rectum
(3) vagina
Female Reproductive System
The uterus of the mature woman weighs about (1) ____ and is (2) ____ long
(1) 40-70g
(2) 6-8cm
Female Reproductive System
The narrow neck of the uterus that provides a protective entrance for the body of the uterus
Cervix
Female Reproductive System
Canal-like, the cervix meets the body of the uterus at the (1) ____ and descends about (2) ____ to connect with the vagina at the (3) ____
(1) internal os
(2) 2.5cm
(3) external os
Female Reproductive System
Arise from each side of the uterus and reach almost to the sides of the pelvis, where they turn toward the ovaries
Fallopian Tubes
Female Reproductive System
The fallopian tubes can also be called ____ or ____
oviducts or uterine tubes
Female Reproductive System
Each fallopian tube is approximately ____ long
8 to 13.5cm
Female Reproductive System
Each fallopian tube may be divided into three parts: the (1) ____, the (2) ____, and the (3) ____
(1) isthmus
(2) ampulla
(3) infundibulum or fimbria
Female Reproductive System
Two almond-shaped structures just below the pelvic brim, each located on each side of the pelvic cavity
Ovaries
Female Reproductive System
Their size varies among women and with the stage of the menstrual cycle. Each ovary weighs approximately (1) ____ and is (2) ____ wide, (3) ____ long and (4) ____ thick
(1) 6-10g
(2) 1.5-3cm
(3) 2-5cm
(4) 1-1.5cm
The Bony Pelvis
The female bony pelvis has two unique functions:
* To (1) ____
* To form the (2) ____
(1) support and protect the pelvic contents
(2) relatively fixed axis of the birth passage
Bony Structures
The pelvis is made up of four bones: (1) ____, the (2) ____, and the (3) ____
(1) two innominate bones
(2) sacrum
(3) coccyx
Bony Structures
The pelvis resembles a bowl or basin; its sides are the (1) ____, and its back is the (2) ____
(1) innominate bones
(2) sacrum and coccyx
Bony Structures
Lined with fibrocartilage and held tightly together by ligaments, the four bones join at the (1) ____, the two (2) ____ and the (3) ____
(1) symphysis pubis
(2) sacroiliac joints
(3) sacrococcygeal joints
Bony Structures
The innominate bones / Hip bones are made up of 3 separate bones:
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
Bony Structures
The ilium, ischium and pubis fuse to form a circular cavity, the ____ which articulates with the femur.
acetabulum
The Innominate Bones
Is the broad, upper prominence of the hip
Ilium
The Innominate Bones
The margin of the ilium
Iliac Crest
The Innominate Bones
The anterior terminal point of the iliac crest
ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE
The Innominate Bones
The anterior lower point in the iliac crest
ANTERIOR INFERIOR ILIAC SPINE
The Innominate Bones
The posterior terminal point of the iliac crest
POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC CREST
The Innominate Bones
The concave anterior portion
ILIAC FOSSA
The Innominate Bones
An imaginary line or ridge which divides the false from the true pelvis
ILIOPECTINEAL LINE OR LINEA TERMINALIS
The Innominate Bones
The strongest bone, is under the ilium and below the acetabulum
ISCHIUM
The Innominate Bones
Where the weight of the seated body rests
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
The Innominate Bones
Serve as reference points during labor
ISCHIAL SPINES
The Innominate Bones
The shortest diameter of the pelvic cavity is between the ____
ischial spines
Clinical Significance of Ischial Spines
Somewhat encroached on the pelvic cavity, so if they are too prominent, they may offer ____
some degree of obstruction to the passage of the baby
Clinical Significance of Ischial Spines
Serves as a useful landmark when making a vaginal examination to assess the progress of ____ (determining the “station”)
descent of the fetal presenting part
The Innominate Bones
Forms the slightly bowed front portion of the innominate bone
PUBIS
The Innominate Bones
Point of union of the two pubic bones at the anterior midline
SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
The Innominate Bones
The triangular space below the junction of the symphysis pubis
PUBIC ARCH
Clinical Signifiance of the Pubis
If the angle formed is (1) ____ , it is very possible that the ischial spines are too close to one another resulting in a (2) ____
(1) acute
(2) narrow pelvic cavity
Is a wedge-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five vertebrae
SACRUM
A projection into the pelvic cavity on the anterior upper portion
SACRAL PROMONTORY
Sacral Promontory
This projection is another obstetric guide in determining ____
pelvic measurements
The small triangular bone last on the vertebral column
COCCYX
Point of coccygeal and sacral articulation
SACROCOCCYGEAL JOINT
Clinical Significance of the Coccyx
The coccyx usually moves (1) ____ during labor to provide (2) ____
(1) backward
(2) more room for the fetus
The Pelvic Joints
The points of union between the sacrum and the ilium
RIGHT AND LEFT SACROILIAC JOINTS
The Pelvic Joints
Between the sacrum and the coccyx
SACROCOCCYGEAL JOINT
The Pelvic Joints
The junction of the two pubic bones which are united by a pad of cartilage
SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
Clinical Significance of the Pelvic Joints
In pre-pregnant sate, there is very little movement in these joints but during pregnancy, due to influence of hormone (1) ____, softening and stretching of ligaments at the joints occur so that in minor degrees of disproportion between the fetal head and the pelvis, additional space may be provided by stretching of ligaments and wider separation of bones and joints
(1) relaxin
The Pelvic Ligaments
Between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosities; one on each side
SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENTS
The Pelvic Ligaments
The strongest in the whole body; connects the sacrum to the iliac bones on each side
SACROILIAC LIGAMENTS
The Pelvic Ligaments
Between the sacrum and the ischial spines one on each side
SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENTS
The Pelvic Ligaments
Strengthens the symphysis pubis
INTERPUBIC LIGAMENTS
The Pelvic Ligaments
Between the 5th sacral vertebrae and the coccyx
SACROCOCCYGEAL LIGAMENTS