3-4 weeks // Human Biology Flashcards
It is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biologic tissue
Radiobiology
Two types of radiobiology
Diagnosis and Therapy
It is the effect of x-rays on humans is the result of interactions at the atomic level
Human Radiation Response
What do you called the effect when the radiation response increases in severity with increasing radiation dose?
Deterministic Effect
What do you called the effect when the incidence of radiation response increases with increasing radiation dose and is not observed for months or years?
Stochastic Effect
The five principal types of molecules found in the body.
Water, Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
In molecular composition, it is the most abundant and simplest molecule in the body.
It exists both in free state and in the bound state.
Water
It is the concept of the relative constancy of the internal environment of the human body.
Homeostasis
It is the breaking down into smaller units of macromolecules
Catabolism
It is the production of large molecules from small
Anabolism
In molecular composition, it is approximately 15% of the body. It is a long-chain macromolecules that consist of a linear sequence of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.
Proteins
In proteins, it is the molecules that are necessary in small quantities to allow a biochemical reaction to continue even though they do not directly enter into the reaction
Enzymes
In proteins, it is the molecules that exercise regulatory control over some body functions such as growth and development
Hormones
In proteins, it constitutes a primary defense mechanism of the body against infection and disease
Antibodies
In molecular composition, it is the organic macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It serves as fuel for the body by providing energy stores. It is concentrated under the skin and serve as a thermal insular from the environment.
Lipids
Lipids are composed of two types of smaller molecules, and these are:
Glycerol and Fatty Acid
In molecular composition, it is first considered to be watered or hydrated.
These are called saccharides, monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Carbohydrates
In carbohydrates, these are large and includes plant starches and animal glycogen
Polysaccharides
In molecular composition, it is located principally in the nucleus of the cell acid or RNA.
Nucleic Acid
Two types of Nucleic Acid:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid
In nucleic acid, this serves as the command or control molecule for cell function.
It is the radiation-sensitive target molecule.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
In nucleic acid, it is located in the cytoplasm and it forms in the nucleus.
It has messenger and transfer.
These molecules are involved in the growth and development of the cell through a number of biochemical pathways such as protein synthesis.
Ribonucleic Acid
In human cells, this is where the most of the RNA is contained in a rounded structure
Nucleolus
In human cells, it makes up the bulk of the cell and contains great quantities of all molecular components except DNA
Cytoplasm
In human cells, it is the channel or a series of channels that allows the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
In human cells, it is the large bean structure and it is the engine of the cell
Mitochondria
In human cells, this is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
In human cells, it contain enzymes capable of digesting cellular fragments and sometimes the cell itself. It also help to control intracellular contaminans.
Lysosomes
It is the act of a single cell or group of cells to reproduce and multiply in number
Cell Proliferation
The two types of cells
Somatic and Genetic Cells
