2-3 weeks // Radphysics Flashcards
Anything that occupies space and has form or shape
Matter
Quantity of matter contained in any physical object
Mass
Force exerted by a body under the influence of gravity
Weight
It is the ability to do work
Energy
It is the law that states that energy may be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed
Law of Conservation
Type of energy that has ability to do work by virtue of position
Potential Energy
It is the energy of motion
Kinetic Energy
It is the energy released by a chemical reaction
Chemical Energy
It is the energy that represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage)
Electrical Energy
It is the energy of motion at the molecular level.
Thermal Energy
It is the energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom.
Nuclear Energy
It is the energy emitted and transferred through matter.
Radiation
It is capable of removing an orbital electron from an atom with which it interacts.
Ionizing Radiation
In basic radiation protection, it is usually aluminum that is inserted into x-ray tube housing so that low energy x-rays emitted by the tube are absorbed before they can reach the patient.
Filtration
In basic radiation protection, it restricts the useful beam to that part of the body requiring examination and thereby spares adjacent tissue from unnecessary exposure.
Collimation
This screen reduces the exposure of the patient to x-rays by more than 95% compared with examination without it.
Intensifying Screen
In radiologic units, it is the radiation exposure or intensity and it is measured in c/kg or roentgen
Air Kerma
In radiologic units, it is the amount of energy deposited or absorbed per kilogram of tissue and it is measured in Gray or Rad
Absorbed Dose
In radiologic units, it express the quantity of radiation received by radiation workers and it is measured in Sieverts or Rem
Dose Equivalent
In radiologic units, it is the unit of the quantity of radioactive material and not the radiation emitted by that material and it is measured by Becquerel or Curie
Radioactivity
In fundamental of physics, it is sometimes called speed. It measures how fast something is going or the rate of change of its position with time.
? = d/t
Velocity
In Newton’s laws of motion, it is the law that states when a body will remain at rest or continue moving with a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.
Law of Inertia
In Newton’s laws of motion, it is the push or pull on an object. It is the law that states that the force applied to move an object is equal to the mass of the object times the acceleration.
F = ma
Law of Force
In Newton’s laws of motion, it states that in every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Law of Action/Reaction
In fundamental of physics, it is a force on a body caused by the downward pull of gravity on it.
? = mg
Weight
In fundamental of physics, it is the product of the mass of an object and its velocity, represented by p.
The greater the velocity of an object, the more ? the object possesses.
p = mv
Momentum
In fundamental of physics, it is the force applied times the distance over which it is applied.
? = Fd
Work
In fundamental of physics, it is the rate of doing work
? = Work/t
Power
The four substances of matter.
Earth, Water, Air and Fire
The four essences of matter.
Wet, Dry, Hot and Cold
According to him, an element was composed of identical atoms that reacted the same way in chemical reactions. All oxygen atoms were alike, constructed alike and reacted alike.
Physical combination of one type of atom with another was visualized as being an hook and eye affair.
John Dalton
He described the atom as plum and pudding, where the plum represents negative electric charges and the pudding was a shapeless mass of positive electrification.
J.J Thomson
He disproved Thomson’s model of an atom and introduced the nuclear model.
Ernest Rutherford
He improved Rutherford’s description of the atom and introduced the miniature solar system in which the electrons revolved about the nucleus in prescribed orbits or energy levels.
Niel’s Bohr
In x-ray interaction with matter, it is sometimes called Coherent or Thompson Scattering where incident photons interacts with a target atom, causing it to become excited.
No energy transferred and therefore no ionization.
Classical Scattering
In x-ray interaction with matter, it occurs between moderate energy x-rays and outer shell electrons. It results in ionization of the target atom, change in photon direction and reduction of photon energy.
Compton Effect
In x-ray interaction with matter, the incident x-ray interacts with the inner shell electron and the result is total x-ray energy is totally absorbed.
Characteristic X-rays are produced.
Photoelectric Effect
In x-ray interaction with matter, the incident x-ray interacts with the nuclear force field and the results is x-ray disappears and two electrons with opposite charge appear.
Pair Production
In x-ray interaction with matter, the incident x-ray interacts directly into the nucleus and the results is x-ray is absorbed by the nucleus and nucleon fragment is emitted.
Photodisintegration
