10-11 weeks // Deterministic Effect Flashcards
Radiation sickness that occurs in human after the whole body dose of 1Gy(100Rad) or more of ionizing radiation delivered over a short time.
Acute Radiation Syndrome
Three Syndromes:
Central Nervous System Death
Hematologic Syndrome
Gastrointestinal Syndrome
Its death requires radiation doses in excess of 50Gyt(500Rad) and results in death within hours.
Central Nervous System Death
Its radiation doses in the range of approx 2 to 10Gyt (20 to 100 Rad)
The patient initially experiences mild symptoms of the prodromal syndrome.
Hematologic Syndrome
Its radiation doses of approx 10 to 50Gyt (1000 to 5000 Rad)
The manifest illness period begins with a second wave of nausea and vomiting followed by diarrhea.
Gastrointestinal Syndrome
Two Periods Associated w/ Acute Radiation Lethality:
Prodomal and Latent Period
This period radiation doses above approx 1 Gyt (100 Rad) delivered to the total body, signs and symptoms of radiation sickness may appear within minutes to hours.
It is the immediate response of radiation sickness.
Prodomal Period
This period occurs after the initial radiation sickness. It extends from hours or less (50Gyt) to weeks (from 1 to 5Gyt).
It is sometimes mistakenly thought to indicate an early recovery from a moderate radiation dose.
Latent Period
It is the dose necessary to produce a given syndrome and the mean survival time are the principal quantitative measures of human radiation lethality.
Manifest Illness
It is the dose of radiation to the whole body that causes 50% of irradiated subjects to die within 60 days.
LD50/60
It is where the whole body radiation dose increases, the average time between exposure and death decreases.
Mean Survival Time
Three Local Tissues that Can be Affected Immediately:
Skin
Gonads
Bone Marrow
A higher dose is required to produce a response and it affects organ and tissue.
Effect: Cell Death
Result: Atrophy
Partial Body Irradiation
It is the outer layer of the skin.
Epidermis
It is the tissue with which we have had the most experience.
Skin
The intermediate layer of connective tissue.
Dermis
It is a layer of fat and connective tissue.
Subcutaneous
It is the stem cells that mature as they migrate to the surface of the epidermis.
Its damage results in the earliest manifestation of radiation injury to skin.
Basal Cells
These skin effects follow a nonlinear threshold dose response relationship.
It required to affect 50% of those irradiated (SED 50) is about 5Gyt (500 Rad)
A sunburn like reddening of the skin.
The first observed biologic response to radiation exposure.
Erythema
It is the ulceration and denudation of the skin.
Desquamation
It is the clinical tolerance for radiation therapy where the skin shreds.
Moist Desquamation
Epilation, Alopecia and Fox Mange is a ?
Loss of hair
Dose of radiation usually about 200 Rad that causes redness.
Skin Erythema Dose (SED)
It is the critically important target organs.
They are particulary sensitive to radiation.
Responses to doses as low as 100mGyt have been observed.
Gonads
Male Gonads = ?
Female Gonads = ?
Male Gonads = Testes
Female Gonads = Ovaries
It produces spermatogonia and matures into sperm.
Testes
It produces oogonia and matures into ovum.
Ovaries
It is produced by both ovaries and testes.
Germ Cells
It is the process of development of germ cells.
Stem Cell > Mature Cell
at different rates and at different times.
Gametogenesis
Stem Cells of the Testes = ?
Stem Cells of the Ovaries = ?
Stem Cells of the Testes = Spermatogonia
Stem Cells of the Ovaries = Oogonia
They grow to encapsulate the oogonia.
Primordial Follicles
Matured Spermatogonia = ?
Matured Oogonia = ?
Matured Spermatogonia = Spermatocyte
Matured Oogonia = Oocyte
Matured Male Germ Cell = ?
Matured Female Germ Cell = ?
Matured Male Germ Cell = Spermatozoa
Matured Female Germ Cell = Ovum
The only monitoring performed on x-ray and radium workers in 1920s-1930s.
The examination includes total cell counts and a white blood cell differential count.
Routine Blood Examination
It is another example of cell renewal system.
Hemopoietic System
All cells of the hemopoietic system apparently develop from a single type of stem cell.
It produces lymphocytes, granulocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes.
Pluripotential Stem Cell
It is blood cells involved in the immune response and manufactured by spleen and thymus.
It is white blood cell.
Lymphocytes
It is the scavenger type of cells used to fight bacteria.
Granulocytes
It is blood cells involved in the clotting of blood to prevent hemorrhage.
It is platelets.
Thrombocytes
It is blood cells that are transportation agents for oxygen and it is less sensitive than other blood cells.
It is red blood cells.
Erythrocytes
Radiation induced chromosome aberrations follows non threshold relationship.
Whereas, unable to see chromosomal aberrations under a dose as low as 100 mGyt (100Rad)
Cytogenetic Effects
