3-3: Genomics Flashcards
Who invented “shotgun sequencing”? What is it?
Craig Venter. Sequence random bits of DNA, computers fit it together
How much does it cost nowadays to sequence a complete genome?
$90! Very accessible
How did Fredrick Sanger go about DNA sequencing
Based on DNApol building complementary strand using mostly normal dNTPs and rare special ddNTPs (lack 3’ OH) that are labelled with flurophores
Determine sequence based on terminating residue
What is “next gen” DNA sequencing?
Uses reversibly terminating dNTPs. Insert a labelled resisdue, take an image, unblock the 3’ end and add a new residue. Repeat.
What is annotation
Identifying the gene, their functions. Done by computers but often many mistakes. Identifies gene based on homology to known genes/
What can genome sequencing tell us
What genes are present/absent.
Organism metabolism, virulence, antibiotic resistance, discover new genes.
What techniques is genome sequencing useful for?
Making mutations, transcriptomics, qPCR, proteomics, genome wide mutagenesis studies
What are genome-wide mutagenesis studies?
Looking at the effects of many different mutations in parallel
What is metagenomics
Study of complete genetic content of an environmental sample
What are 3 benefits of metagenomics?
Provides information regarding organisms that cannot be cultured in the lab
Tells us about changes in microbial communities
Looks at gene level (eg. prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes)
What is transcriptomics
RNA converted to DNA using reverse transcription, which is then sequenced
What are some advantages of transcriptomics?
Can get a complete picture of relative RNA abundance
Can compare RNA expression under different environmental conditions
What is proteomics
Mass spectrometry identifies proteins/protein levels
Tells you what proteins are present under which conditions
