2-8: Unique Aspects of Archaea Cell Biology Flashcards
What parts of archaea are similar to eukaryotes
chromosome structure, replication, trascription transcription
How are bacteria and archaea similar?
Prokaryotes, usually single celled, similar size/morphology
Difference between lipid linkages in bacteria, eukarya and archaea?
Bact/Euk = ester-linked lipids, Archaea = ether-linked
What kinds of lipids to bacteria and euk use? What do archaea use?
Bacteria and euk use fatty acids. Archaea use isoprenoid
What are two interesting things about the archaea cell membrane?
Some archaea use a lipid monolayer (tails of PL are joined). Archaea lipids contain side branches and rings.
What acts as the cell wall in the majority of archaea? Where else is this seen?
S-layer
seen as supplementary structure in Bacteria
What do some archaea use as a cell wall besides S layers?
Some use protein/carbohydrate structures
Do some archaea have a second membrane?
Yes
Do some archaea lack a cell wall?
Yes
What is pseudomurein
Polymer similar to peptidgoglycan that makes up cell walls in archaea.
What distinguishes pseudomurein from peptidoglycan?
Lacks D AA, different sugar linkage, NAM replaced iwth N-acetylosainuronic acid. Also evolved INDEPENDENTLY from peptidoglycan
What are some unique appendages of archaea?
Hamus, grappling hook
What is the hamus
Appendage that fixes cell to a surface or other cells to mediate biofilm formation
How do archaea move
Using archaellum (flagellum-like apparatus)
How is the archaellum different from the flagellum
Simpler (fewer proteins), ATP hydrolysis drives it rather than PMF, Filament built from inside out (opposite), archaea swim slower
