2-9: Eukaryotic Microbial Cells Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells contain what?
Membrane bound compartments (organelles), allowing complexity/organization
What is the defining feature of eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What two processes are uncoupled in eukaryotes?
transcription/translation, since ribosomes are located outside the nucleus
What is the cytoskeleton
Dynamic protein filament network involved in cell shape, movement, transport within cell
Do animal cells have cell walls
No, but fungi and plants do
What is saccharomyces cerevisiae
Model yeast organism, small/simple eukaryote, 20x bigger than E. coli
What is LECA
Last eukaryotic common ancestor
What are some features of LECA?
Cytoskeleton, nucleus, mitochondria
Limitation of eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?
limited metabolic diversity, since most are obligate anaerobes and use either photosynthesis or organic compounds for energy
What are the five eukaryotic supergroups
Archaeplastida, SAR clade, Excavates, amoebozoa, opisthokonta
What is algae
Photosynthetic organisms that are not plants (some definitions include cyanobacteria)
What are microalgae? What are macroalgae?
Microalgae are microbes. Macroalgae are non-microbes (eg. seaweed)
What are some uses for algae?
Pigments, food, fertilizer, biofuel
Name two notable members of archaeplastida
Plants and green algae
Name two notable members of opisthokonta
Fungi and animals
What are fungi
Include microbes (yeast) and non-microbes (mushrooms)
Microbial group most closely related to animals
Chitin cell walls
What is candida albicans?
Opportunistic pathogen commonly found in healthy individuals. Most common cause of yeast infection in women
What is a common model yeast?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
What are some common uses of yeast?
Coversion of carbs to CO2 and alcohol via fermentation, baking
What are amoeba
Single-celled eukaryotes that inhabt freshwater and soil
What are amoebazoa?
Diverse phylum of eukaryotes
What do amoeba use for locomotion, how do they work
Pseudopods
Temporary projections that stick out, “crawl” across surfaces
What is a protist
Historical term used for euk that is not a plant, animal or fungus. Doesn’t actually refer to a specific group. One of the old kingdoms of life (outdated)
What is plankton
“drifters” diverse (not just microbes, not just euk)
