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Nutrition > 3 > Flashcards

3 Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone

A
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2
Q

Atom

A
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3
Q

Molecule

A
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4
Q

Cell

A
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5
Q

Organ

A
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6
Q

Organ System

A
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7
Q

Digestion

A

Net movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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8
Q

Absorption

A

process of taking substances from the gastrointestinal tract into the interior of the body

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9
Q

Feces

A

A mixture body waste:

  • Dead cells
  • Undigested, unabsorbed food secretions
  • Mucus
  • Bacteria
  • Water
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10
Q

Fatty Acid

A

Long molecular chain of Carbon

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11
Q

Lumen

A

The inside cavity of the digestive tract’s tube

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12
Q

Enzyme

A

regulate digestive chemical reactions

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13
Q

Lipase

A

Fats —> Fatty acids

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14
Q

Pancreatic Amylase

A

Continues job of salivary amylase in breaking down starches

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15
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Breathing

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16
Q

Mouth

A

Chews food and mixes it with saliva

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16
Q

Salivary Glands

A

Produces saliva which contains a starch-digesting enzyme

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17
Q

Pharynx

A

Swallows chewed food mixed with saliva

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18
Q

Esophagus

A

Moves food to the stomach via peristalsis

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19
Q

Stomach

A
  • Churns and mixes food
  • Secretes Gastric Juice & inactive pepsin
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20
Q

Liver

A

Makes bile

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21
Q

Pancreas

A

Releases bicarbonate and produces enzymes that digest carbohydrate, protein, and fat

22
Q

Where is Bicarbonate produced and released?

A

Pancreas → Duodenum

23
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores and releases bile into small intestine when needed

24
Q

What are the functions of the single-cell layer of mucosa lining the Small intestine?

A

Main site of food digestion and absorption of nutrients into blood or lymph

25
Q

What are the functions of the Large intestine?

A

_H_ome to intestinal bacteria

_A_bsorbs water and some vitamins/minerals

_P_asses waste material

26
Q

Anus

A

opens to allow waste to leave the body

27
Q

Sphincter

A

One-way gate

28
Q

What is gastrin activated by?

A

Sensory input

29
Q

8 foods most likely to cause allergic reactions:

A

peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat

30
Q

What does Bile do?

A

Helps digest and absorb fat

31
Q

What two main factors determine Nutritional Status?

A

Diet Intake vs. Recommendations

32
Q

3 secretions from gastric pits of stomach

A

Mucus

Hydrochloric acid

Inactive Pepsin

33
Q

Tongue function?

A

It pushes bolus to the pharynx

34
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing, tearing, grinding of food in the mouth

35
Q

Which molecules are absorbed by Simple diffusion?

A
36
Q

What is the location of some of the digestive enzymes produced by the small intestine?

A

microvilli membrane

inside mucosal cells

37
Q

Where do dipeptides & tripeptides from the small intestine become single amino acids?

A

mucosal cells

38
Q

What does Cholecystokinin do?

A

slows down amount of material leaving stomach

39
Q

How is the GI tract part of the endocrine system?

A

GI Tract releases hormones that regulate speed & preparation of digestive system

40
Q

“Glucose, Fatty acids, and Amino acids that are not broken down for energy are used (with he input of energy from ATP)…

A

…to sythesize structural, regulatory, or storage molecules.”

41
Q

Where do the exchange of gases and nutrients occur?

A

Across the thin walls of the capillaries

42
Q

Which molecules are absorbed by Osmosis diffusion?

A
43
Q

Which molecules are absorbed by Facilitated diffusion?

A
44
Q

Which molecules are absorbed by Active transport?

A
45
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Circulates hormones, nutrients, & oxygen

*Removes carbon dioxide & waste from cells

46
Q

Cardiovascular route to lungs

A

picks up oxygen & delivers nutrients

47
Q

Cardiovascular route to rest of body

A

delivers oxygen & nutrients

48
Q

Section: The Organization of Life (7)

A
  1. Atoms
  2. Molecules
  3. Cells
  4. Tissues
  5. Mucosa
  6. Organ
  7. Organ System
49
Q

Section: The Digestive System (9)

A
  1. Gastrointestinal Tract
  2. Transit Time
  3. Mucosal Cells
  4. Lumen
  5. Feces
  6. Mucus
  7. Saliva
  8. Enzyme
  9. Hormone
50
Q

Section: Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients (27)

A
  1. Salivary Amylase
  2. Pharynx
  3. Bolus
  4. Epiglottis
  5. Heimlich Maneuver
  6. Peristalsis
  7. Sphincter
  8. Chyme
  9. Gastric Juice
  10. Pepsin
  11. Hydrochloric Acid
  12. Cholecystokinin
  13. Segmentation
  14. Mucosa
  15. Villi
  16. Brush Border
  17. Diffusion
  18. Active Transport
  19. Pancreatic juice
  20. Pancreatic Amylase
  21. Pancreatic Protease
  22. Pancreatic Lipase
  23. Bicarbonate
  24. Bile
  25. Globules
  26. Transport Molecules
  27. Intestinal Microflora
51
Q

Section: Digestion in Health and Disease (11)

A
  1. Antigen
  2. White Blood Cells
  3. Phagocytes
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Antibodies
  6. Allergen
  7. Food Alergy
  8. Heartburn
  9. GERD
  10. Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori)
52
Q

Section: Delivering Nutrients and Eliminating Wastes (7)

A
  1. Cardiovascular System
  2. Capillary
  3. Lacteal
  4. Lymphatic System
  5. Hepatic Portal Vein
  6. Thoracic Duct
  7. Kidney
53
Q

Section: An overview of Metabolism (6)

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Metabolic Pathway
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Mitochondrion
  5. Cellular Respiration
  6. ATP

Nutrition (9 decks)

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