Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

[MT 6317] Clinical Chemistry Laboratory > [2S] UNIT 7 HbA1c & Nyco Card > Flashcards

[2S] UNIT 7 HbA1c & Nyco Card Flashcards

1
Q

Percentage of HbA

A

97%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Percentage of HbA2

A

2.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Percentage of HbAF

A

0.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A protein in its quaternary structure - larger unit that is made up of tertiary units - made up of 4 polypeptide chains (2a & 2b)

A

HbA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Glycogen is always found in the extracellular fluid

A

F; Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: Glucose finds a way to the valine terminal molecules

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formation of a hgb compound produced when glucose reacts with the amino group of hemoglobin

A

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN

The glucose molecule attaches non enzymatically to the hgb molecule to form a _______

A

ketoamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The rate of formation is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration

A

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reflects the average blood glucose level over the previous 2 to 3 months

A

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Forms the major fraction of adult hemoglobin

A

HbA1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Glycosylated Hemoglobin is tested to measure short-term glucose metabolism

A

F; Long-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

More reliable method of monitoring long-term diabetes control than random plasma glucose

A

HbA1c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: Current ADA guidelines recommend that an HbA1c test be performed at least 2 times a year with patients who are meeting treatment goals and who have stable glycemic control

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: For patients whose therapy has changed or who are not meeting glycemic goals, a quarterly HbA1c test is recommended

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: HbA1c testing does not require fasting and is a long term diabetes control

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: Glycated hemoglobin is not an antigen

A

F; it is an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most to least antigenic molecule

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Polysaccharides
  3. Lipids / Nucleic Acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Any type of molecules that invoke an immune response

A

Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

METHODS BASED ON STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES

Polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies toward the glycated N-terminal group of the b-chain of hemoglobin

A

Immunoassays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

METHODS BASED ON STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES

Not affected by other hemoglobins

A

Affinity Chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

METHODS BASED ON STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES

Separates based on chemical structure using borate to bind glycosylated proteins

A

Affinity Chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nobel prize winners: antibodies method

Start with B lymphocyte of the mouse and vaccine it with foreign protein to gather antibodies and be utilized as reagent for assays

A

Milstein & Kohler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

METHODS BASED ON STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES

Not temperature
dependent

A

Affinity Chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Plasma cell Nucleus: ______ Chromatin: _______ __________ Halo
1. Eccentric 2. Cart-wheel 3. Perinuclear Halo 4. Elongated
20
Gathered and utilized as reagent of immunoassays and labeled with radioactive dye or enzymes
Antibodies
21
Principle of Nyco Card
Reflectometry / Reflectance Photometry
22
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES Positive-charge resin bed
Ion-exchange chromatography
22
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES Highly temperature dependent Affected by hemoglobinopathies
Ion-exchange chromatography
23
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES Separation is based on differences in charge & MW
Electrophoresis
23
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES Type of electrophoresis using isoelectric point to separate
Isoelectric Focusing
23
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES Hemoglobin F values > 7% interfere
Electrophoresis
24
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES pre-HbA1c interferes
Isoelectric Focusing
25
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES A form of ion-exchange chromatography - gold standard for identifying glycated hemoglobin
High-pressure liquid chromatography
26
BASED ON CHARGE DIFFERENCES Separates of all forms of glyco-Hb: A1a , A1b , A1c
High-pressure liquid chromatography
27
Specimen requirement for HbA1c
EDTA Whole Blood Sample
28
Whole blood may be stored at?
4 °C for up to 1 week
29
T/F: The ideal specimen for HbA1c is fresh specimen
T
30
T/F: Whole blood sample is slightly lower in glucose than plasma or serum. Nevertheless, it does not affect the results of HbA1c
T
30
Measures light reflected from the coloured surface of the NycoCard tests in three parts of the visible spectrum and calculates the test concentration
The NycoCard™ READER II
31
The NycoCard™ READER II is a _________
reflectometer
32
Reflected light from the test sample is measured relative to a white sample
The NycoCard™ READER II
33
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features 10 minutes test time
F; 3 mins
34
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features 5 µL sample volume (capillary blood)
T
35
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features 4%–15% HbA1c measuring range / linearity
T
36
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features Boronic acid affinity test principle – No interference from common Hb variant
T
37
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features Boronic acid is the working principle not the labelling mechanism
F; BA is the labelling mechanism
38
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features Traceable to the IFCC reference method
T
38
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features NGSP and IFCC certified
T
39
T/F: NycoCard™ HbA1c Key Features Perfect for running (small) test series
T
39
How does nyco card differentiate non-glycosylated hemoglobin to glycosylated hemoglobin?
Boronic acid affinity test principle
40
2 reagents in 24 prefilled tubes
Lysing solution & Boronic acid
41
Washes away non-reacting analytes
1 vial of washing soln
42
TEST RESULT TIME Liquid on the membrane
0 minute
42
T/F: Results in nyco card reader should be read within 5 minutes
T
42
TEST RESULT TIME Too dry / crumpled membrane
> 5 minutes
42
TEST RESULT TIME Stable hemoglobin precipitate on the membrane (most ideal)
10 seconds - 5 minutes
43
TEST RESULT TIME False elevated HbA1c readings
0 minute
43
- Binds selectively to OH groups - Selective affinity for cis-diol configuration
Boronic Acid
44
The affinity of boronic acid to the cis-diol configuration of glycated hemoglobin
NycoCard™ HbA1c Test Principle
45
2 functional groups are adjacent towards one another across the cyclic ring
cis
45
NycoCard HbA1c is based on a
boronic acid affinity test principle
46
Color of glycoslated hemoglobin stained by boronic acid
Blue
46
2 OH groups located adjacent to one another
cis-diol
47
T/F: The LCD display presents the results in percentage
T
47
The vertical optic system of the nycocard to differentiate HbA1c to hemoglobin that are not glycosylated
Nycocard Reader Pen
48
Where you place samples
Lid
49
Measures the color intensity of reflected light
NycoCard Reader
49
T/F: Red color intensity is directly proportional to Total hemoglobin
T
49
2 lights needed for NycoCard
2 Light-emitting diode Light detector
50
T/F: The ratio between the blue and red reflected light will tell us how much exactly in that made up of glycosylated Hgb
T
51
T/F: Blue color intensity is directly proportional to Total glycated hemoglobin
T
52
T/F: For every 1% increase in the HbA1c result, there is always a 35 mg/dL in blood glucose
T
53
Interpret: HbA1c = 5.7% - 6.4%
Borderline High
53
Interpret: HbA1c = beyond 6.4%
Diabetes Mellitus
53
Interpret: HbA1c = 6% - 7%
Retinopathy
54
The incidence of ________ increases in patients with a HbA1c level between 6.0 to 7.0%
retinopathy
55
T/F: Fewer chances for retinopathy when the HbA1c level is <6.5%
T
55
T/F: HbA1c level in diabetic patients recommended <7.0%
T
55
T/F: This is suggested that HbA1c level above 6.5% favor diabetes mellitus
T
55
T/F: HbA1c should be checked at least once a year
F; twice
56
T/F: In interpreting HbA1c, if it prolongs the life span of RBC, it increases HbA1c
T
57
Old RBCs = ↑ contact between hemoglobin & glucose
↑ HbA1c readings
58
T/F: Caution should be used when interpreting the HbA1c results from patients with conditions such as Hemolytic anemia or other hemolytic diseases, Homozygous sickle cell trait, and pregnancy
T
59
T/F: HbF can cause false increase in HbA1c
T
59
T/F: Caution should be used when interpreting the HbA1c results from patients with conditions such as Blood loss, Polycythemia, and Iron deficiency
T
60
Hemolytic disease = _ HbA1c
↓
60
What are the Hgb variants & vitamins that causes false decrease in HbA1c?
HbC HbS Vit C Vit F
61
LIMITATIONS OF THE TEST T/F: Coagulated or hemolyzed samples cannot be used
T
61
LIMITATIONS OF THE TEST T/F: Diluted samples can be used
F; cannot
62
LIMITATIONS OF THE TEST T/F: If the sample has a hemoglobin value below 6.0 g/dL or above 20.0 g/dL
T
63
Interpret Hemoglobin value = >20.0 g/dL
Polycythemia
63
Interpret Hemoglobin value = <6.0 g/dL
Anemia

[MT 6317] Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions