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Science8 > 2nd Tri Exam > Flashcards

2nd Tri Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

the outer layer of the skin.

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2
Q

Dermis

A

the middle layer of the skin.

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3
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

A muscle that is under conscious control.

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4
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

A muscle that is not under conscious control.

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5
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

A muscle tissue that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force to move the body.

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6
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary muscle tissue that lines internal organs of the body.

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7
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Strongest, Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart and some blood vessels.

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8
Q

Tendons

A

Strong connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.

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9
Q

Joint

A

A place in the body where two bones come together.

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10
Q

Ligament

A

Strong connective tissue that holds bones together in movable joints.

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11
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible, connective tissue that protects the end of bones and keeps them from rubbing together

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12
Q

Axial

A

Bones along the central part of the body which protect the organs.

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13
Q

Appendicular

A

Bones of the appendages (arms/legs) and the girdles (Shoulder/pelvis) that connect with the axial skeleton to provide support and flexibility.

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14
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton.

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15
Q

Exoskeleton

A

A waxy, waterproof outer shell or outer skeleton that protects the animal and helps prevent evaporation of water.

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16
Q

Bone marrow

A

The soft connective tissue that fills the internal spaces in bone.

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17
Q

Spongy bone

A

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone.

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18
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone.

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19
Q

Heart

A

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

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20
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

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21
Q

Capillary

A

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.

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22
Q

Vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

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23
Q

Valve

A

A structure in the heart and blood vessels that controls the flow of blood by opening and closing in only one direction.

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24
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

A system within the body that sends blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

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25
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

A system within the body that sends blood to the rest of the body and back to the heart.

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26
Q

Lymphatic System

A

A network of vessels that returns fluid to the bloodstream.

27
Q

Immune System

A

The production of antibodies and cells that inactivate foreign invaders allowing the body the ability to fight infection.

28
Q

Respiration

A

The process of inhaling and exhaling to exchange substances, associated with breathing.

29
Q

Cilia

A

The hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner.

30
Q

Pharynx

A

The throat; A passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

31
Q

Trachea

A

The windpipe; a passage in which air moves in the respiratory system.

32
Q

Bronchi

A

The passages that direct air into the lungs.

33
Q

Lung

A

An organ found in air-breathing vertebrates that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.

34
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood.

35
Q

Diaphragm

A

A large muscle located at the bottom of a mammal’s rib cage that functions in breathing.

36
Q

Larynx

A

The voice box; A passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords.

37
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

38
Q

Digestion

A

The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.

39
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which nutrients pass from the digestive system into the blood.

40
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

41
Q

Esophagus

A

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

42
Q

Stomach

A

A J-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen where most physical digestion takes place.

43
Q

Small intestine

A

, The part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place.

44
Q

Large intestine

A

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed into the blood and the remaining material is eliminated from the body.

45
Q

Rectum

A

The end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated.

46
Q

Liver

A

The body’s largest organ; it produces bile, breaks down medicines, and helps eliminate nitrogen from the body.

47
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

48
Q

Excretion

A

The process by which wastes are removed from the body.

49
Q

Urea

A

A chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins.

50
Q

Kidney

A

A major organ of the excretory system that removes urea and other wastes from the blood.

51
Q

Urine

A

A watery fluid produced by the kidneys that contains urea and other wastes.

52
Q

Ureter

A

A narrow tube that carries urine from one of the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

53
Q

Bladder

A

Urinary bladder, A saclike muscular organ that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body.

54
Q

Urethra

A

A small tube through which urine flows from the body.

55
Q

Nephron

A

A small filtering structure found in the kidneys that removes wastes from blood and produces urine.

56
Q

Brain

A

The part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull and controls most functions in the body; made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

57
Q

Spinal cord

A

The thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system; aka backbone, vertebrae.

58
Q

Central nervous system

A

The division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

59
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

The division of the nervous system consisting of all of the nerves located outside the central nervous system.

60
Q

Neuron

A

A cell that carries information through the nervous system; neurons bundled together form nerves.

61
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Central neuron; A neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal/external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse.

62
Q

Interneuron

A

A neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

63
Q

Motor neuron

A

A neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the muscle or gland to react.

64
Q

Synapse

A

The junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to the next structure.

Science8 (15 decks)

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