2B heart valve disease

Question 1

how many heart sounds are there

Answer 1

4

Question 2

heart sound 1

Answer 2

closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the onset of ventricular contraction

Question 3

heart sound 2

Answer 3

shorter and higher frequency then s1

indicates the end of ventricularsystole and the beginning of ventricular diastole (closure of semilunar valves)

Question 4

heart sound 3

Answer 4

rapid passive filling phase of the ventricular diastole

Question 5

hear sound 4

Answer 5

atrial contraction

Question 6

heart murmer

Answer 6

caused by turbulent blood (obstructed)

Question 7

vavlular stenosis

Answer 7

when the valve does not open

Question 8

valvular regurgitation/incompetence/insufficiency

Answer 8

valve does not close properly, results in backflow

Question 9

what is the end result of valve disfunction

Answer 9

myocardial hypertrophy

Question 10

what often causes heart disease

Answer 10

Rhuematic fever

Question 11

true or false; valvular heart disease can not occur with prosthetic cardiac valves. (subject to physical deteriation, and the site of thrombus formation or infectious endocarditis

Answer 11

False, this can occur

Question 12

when does rheumatic fever ussually occur

Answer 12

1-4 weeks after an episode of tonsilitis of other infection caused by group A-beta hemolytic streptococci

Question 13

what valve is most commonly effected in rheumatic heart disease

Answer 13

the mitral valve

Question 14

what are the clinical manefestations of mitral stenosis

Answer 14

LA pressure and hpertrophy, LV hypertrophy and increased risk of atrial dysrithmias

Question 15

mitral stenosis causes

Answer 15

less ventricular filling, descreased SV and decreased CO

Question 16

what are the two causes of mitral stenosis

Answer 16

Rheumatic fever, congenital heart defects

Question 17

how does rheumatic fever cause mitral valve damage

Answer 17

• leaflet vavles to thicken

- causes leaflet valves to fuse together

Question 18

mitral insufficiency (prolapse

Answer 18

leaflets do not smap shut all the way, but instead are like an upside down umbrella

Question 19

what are some consequences of mitral prolapse

Answer 19

decreased SV and CO, increased LV hypertrophy

Question 20

what is the most common hear vavle problem and how often does it occur

Answer 20

mitral valve prolapse (7% of the population

Question 21

causes of mitral prolapse

Answer 21

-rheumatic fever
-infective endocarditisis
-wear and tear on the valve
-prior heart attack
inctreated high blood pressure
-congenital hear defects

Question 22

aortic stenosis symptoms

Answer 22

decreased SV and CO. faint pulses

LV hypertrophy

Question 23

aortic stenosis

Answer 23

diminished blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta

Question 24

main causes of aortic stenosis

Answer 24

Birth defects
-only one cusp or otherwise stenotic
- bicuspid aortic valve with progressive wear and tear
Age related degeneration (degenerative calcific aortic stenosis)
most common in people over the age of 60

Question 25

aortic insuficiency

Answer 25

blood ejected during ventricular systole flows back into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole