2B heart valve disease Flashcards
how many heart sounds are there
4
heart sound 1
closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the onset of ventricular contraction
heart sound 2
shorter and higher frequency then s1
indicates the end of ventricularsystole and the beginning of ventricular diastole (closure of semilunar valves)
heart sound 3
rapid passive filling phase of the ventricular diastole
hear sound 4
atrial contraction
heart murmer
caused by turbulent blood (obstructed)
vavlular stenosis
when the valve does not open
valvular regurgitation/incompetence/insufficiency
valve does not close properly, results in backflow
what is the end result of valve disfunction
myocardial hypertrophy
what often causes heart disease
Rhuematic fever
true or false; valvular heart disease can not occur with prosthetic cardiac valves. (subject to physical deteriation, and the site of thrombus formation or infectious endocarditis
False, this can occur
when does rheumatic fever ussually occur
1-4 weeks after an episode of tonsilitis of other infection caused by group A-beta hemolytic streptococci
what valve is most commonly effected in rheumatic heart disease
the mitral valve
what are the clinical manefestations of mitral stenosis
LA pressure and hpertrophy, LV hypertrophy and increased risk of atrial dysrithmias
mitral stenosis causes
less ventricular filling, descreased SV and decreased CO
what are the two causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic fever, congenital heart defects
how does rheumatic fever cause mitral valve damage
- leaflet vavles to thicken
- causes leaflet valves to fuse together
mitral insufficiency (prolapse
leaflets do not smap shut all the way, but instead are like an upside down umbrella
what are some consequences of mitral prolapse
decreased SV and CO, increased LV hypertrophy
what is the most common hear vavle problem and how often does it occur
mitral valve prolapse (7% of the population
causes of mitral prolapse
-rheumatic fever
-infective endocarditisis
-wear and tear on the valve
-prior heart attack
inctreated high blood pressure
-congenital hear defects
aortic stenosis symptoms
decreased SV and CO. faint pulses
LV hypertrophy
aortic stenosis
diminished blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
main causes of aortic stenosis
Birth defects
-only one cusp or otherwise stenotic
- bicuspid aortic valve with progressive wear and tear
Age related degeneration (degenerative calcific aortic stenosis)
most common in people over the age of 60
