1B, pathology of the heart Flashcards
define acute paricarditis
acute inflamation (<2 weeks) of the paricardium often infection in nature, but can be due to an autoimmune disease, trauma, or drug toxicity
what are some manifestations of acute pericarditis
Chest pain, friction rub, and EKG changes
what is pericardial effusion
accumulation of excess fluid(exudate) of the pericardial sac
what determins the effect effusion has on cardiac function
amount of fluid, the rapidity with which it accumulates, elasticity of the pericardium
what is serous paricarditis associated with
SLE, rheumatic fever, and variety of viral infections
fibrinous pericarditis is associated with what
fibrin rich exudate, may be caused by uremia, myocardial infarction, or acute rheumatic fever.
purulent pericarditis
cloudy exudate, amolst always caused by bacterial infection
hemorrhagic pericarditis
bloody exudate, tumors, may also be cause by TB and bacterial infections
cardiac tamponade
increase in percardial sac pressure casued by accumulation of fluid or blood in the pericardial sac
how is cardiac tamponade treated
pericardiocentesis (subxiphoid of parasternal approach)
define myocardial disease
disorders priginating from within the myocardium, but not from cardiovascular disease
what are two major forms of myocardial disease
myocarditis and primary cardiomyopathies
Define Myocarditis
inflamation of the heart myscle, without evidence of myocardial infarction, the myocardium becomes thick and swollen.
causes or myocarditis
#1 - drug toxicity autoimmune disease
what are the three forms of primary cardiopathies
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
- restrictive cardiomyopathy
Dilated cariomyopathy
- most common, progressive cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and impared pumping.
- mural thrombi
- causes:idiopathic, infectious, and alcohol
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic ventricular filling.
may result in left ventricular outflow obstruction
restrictive cardiomyopathy
- least common
- stiffness of ventricular walls
- idiopathic
most common cause of endocarditis
Staph aureus (50% of the time)
infective endocarditis
large, sofy, friable, easily detached vegetations consisting of fibrin and intermeshed inflammatory cells and bacteria
what valve is most frequently involves in infective endocarditis
mitral valve
