1A heart anatomy ect. Flashcards
where is the majority of the hearts mass
Left of the midline (2/3rds)
what surounds the heart
paricardial sac
what forms the apex of the heart
the tip of the left ventrical
where is the base (top) of the heart found
approximately at the lever of the 2nd costal cartilages
what does the anterior surface mostly consist of
the right ventricle
what is the approximate size of the heart
the fist
upper chambers of the heart
Atria
two lower chambers of the heart
Ventricles
where does the right ventricle move blood to
pulmonary curculation
left ventricle moves blood where
systemic circulation
interatrial septum
seperates the right and left atria
fossa ovalis
depression in the interatrial septum, remnants of the foramen ovale
what is the patent foramen ovale
failure to close the fossa ovalis
the term used to describe an interatrial septum that fails to develop properly
atrial septal defect
interventricular septum
separates the fight and left ventricles
what is the most common congenital cardiac abnomatlities
ventricular septal defects (30-60% of newborns with congenital heart defects) 2-6 in 1000
when can cause VSD (ventricular septal defects
can be formed within a few days of myocardial infarction
congenital defect
how much blood on avarage does the ventricle hold, and how is this refered to
150 mL, end diastolic volume
how much blood will the ventricles eject per pump
about half of the end diastolic volume
what are the 3 (somtimes 4) layers of the heart
endocardium, myocarium, epicardium and (perietal pericarduim)
what is the endocardum
innermost later lines inner chambers, valves, chardae, tendineae, and papillary muscles
can the myocardium regenerate, grow?
No, it is however capable of hypertrophy
how can heart muscle be distinguished from skeletal muscle
intercalated discs
what main tissue in included in epicardium
Epicardial fat
what covers most of the heart surface
epicardial fat (60-80% of surface, and 20% of weight)
what role does epicardial fat play
provides fatty acids to cardiac muscle in times of high demand
what exist between the perietal and visceral paricardial layers, and what role does it play
the paricardial space, contains about 10 mL of fluid to act as lubricant for the heart beating
what are the 4 sets of valves of the heart
2 atrioventricular and 2 semilunar
what valve lies between the right atrium and the right vantricle
Tricuspid valve (larger Diemeter and thinner then mitral valve)
what valve only has two cusps
the mitral (bicuspid) valve
what do the AV(atrioventricular) valves attache to, and where do these attachments originate
chordae tendineae (“heart strings”), papillary muscles
where are semilunar valves found
Aorta and pulmonary arteries
what is the first heart sound
associated with closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves The “LUB”
what is the second heart sound
the closure of the pulmonic and aprtic valves the “DUB”
What is the blood flow through the heart
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