1A heart anatomy ect.

Question 1

where is the majority of the hearts mass

Answer 1

Left of the midline (2/3rds)

Question 2

what surounds the heart

Answer 2

paricardial sac

Question 3

what forms the apex of the heart

Answer 3

the tip of the left ventrical

Question 4

where is the base (top) of the heart found

Answer 4

approximately at the lever of the 2nd costal cartilages

Question 5

what does the anterior surface mostly consist of

Answer 5

the right ventricle

Question 6

what is the approximate size of the heart

Answer 6

the fist

Question 7

upper chambers of the heart

Answer 7

Atria

Question 8

two lower chambers of the heart

Answer 8

Ventricles

Question 9

where does the right ventricle move blood to

Answer 9

pulmonary curculation

Question 10

left ventricle moves blood where

Answer 10

systemic circulation

Question 11

interatrial septum

Answer 11

seperates the right and left atria

Question 12

fossa ovalis

Answer 12

depression in the interatrial septum, remnants of the foramen ovale

Question 13

what is the patent foramen ovale

Answer 13

failure to close the fossa ovalis

Question 14

the term used to describe an interatrial septum that fails to develop properly

Answer 14

atrial septal defect

Question 15

interventricular septum

Answer 15

separates the fight and left ventricles

Question 16

what is the most common congenital cardiac abnomatlities

Answer 16

ventricular septal defects (30-60% of newborns with congenital heart defects) 2-6 in 1000

Question 17

when can cause VSD (ventricular septal defects

Answer 17

can be formed within a few days of myocardial infarction

congenital defect

Question 18

how much blood on avarage does the ventricle hold, and how is this refered to

Answer 18

150 mL, end diastolic volume

Question 19

how much blood will the ventricles eject per pump

Answer 19

about half of the end diastolic volume

Question 20

what are the 3 (somtimes 4) layers of the heart

Answer 20

endocardium, myocarium, epicardium and (perietal pericarduim)

Question 21

what is the endocardum

Answer 21

innermost later lines inner chambers, valves, chardae, tendineae, and papillary muscles

Question 22

can the myocardium regenerate, grow?

Answer 22

No, it is however capable of hypertrophy

Question 23

how can heart muscle be distinguished from skeletal muscle

Answer 23

intercalated discs

Question 24

what main tissue in included in epicardium

Answer 24

Epicardial fat

Question 25

what covers most of the heart surface

Answer 25

epicardial fat (60-80% of surface, and 20% of weight)

Question 26

what role does epicardial fat play

Answer 26

provides fatty acids to cardiac muscle in times of high demand

Question 27

what exist between the perietal and visceral paricardial layers, and what role does it play

Answer 27

the paricardial space, contains about 10 mL of fluid to act as lubricant for the heart beating

Question 28

what are the 4 sets of valves of the heart

Answer 28

2 atrioventricular and 2 semilunar

Question 29

what valve lies between the right atrium and the right vantricle

Answer 29

Tricuspid valve (larger Diemeter and thinner then mitral valve)

Question 30

what valve only has two cusps

Answer 30

the mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 31

what do the AV(atrioventricular) valves attache to, and where do these attachments originate

Answer 31

chordae tendineae (“heart strings”), papillary muscles

Question 32

where are semilunar valves found

Answer 32

Aorta and pulmonary arteries

Question 33

what is the first heart sound

Answer 33

associated with closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves The “LUB”

Question 34

what is the second heart sound

Answer 34

the closure of the pulmonic and aprtic valves the “DUB”

Question 35

What is the blood flow through the heart

Answer 35

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