2.A Bristol Flashcards
What are the 4 types of zones in a city?
1) The Central Business District - In the centre - most businesses and amenities are found here
2) Inner city - mix of land uses
3) Suburbs - residential areas
4) Rural-urban fringe - farmland / industiral
What makes Bristol Important?
- Education - 2 Universities
- Industry - Largest conentration of silicon manufacture outside California
- Culture/entertainment - Bristol Old Vic / Aardman (wallace and gromit)
- Tourism - Uk’s 7th most popular city for foreign visitors e.g. Bristol Zoo or SS Great Britain
Why is Bristol important internationally?
Good transport - M4, good road and rail links, easy access to London and ferry to europe
-> Bristol airport
Development - global industries (e.g. finance and business services - tech, culture, media)
-> High level of inward investment
-> UNI
Stats - Bristols migration
Doubled from 1851 to 1891
Most significant inwards migration is the increase in students (18%)
How has inward migration impacted Bristol? - Positives
- Part of a hard-working and motivated workforce
- Improving level of skills, where there are shortages
- Enriching the city’s culrtural life
- Many young migrants also help to balance the ageing population
- Contributing to economy (local and national)
How has inward migration impacted Bristol? - Negatives
Pressures of housing and employemnt
The need to provide education to children whose first language is not English
Challenge of integration into the wider community
What is an example of Bristol’s migrant community?
Bristol’s large African and Afro-carribean population has created a strong community spirit amony many. The St Paul’s Carnival attracts around 40 000 people per year - goal is to improve relations between the European, African, Caribean, and Asian communities
What economic opportunities are there in Bristol?
- Highly Skilled Graduated from Uni - Research and Development
- Urban Regeneration - Brown field sites avaliable for redevelopment
- Attractive place to work - “green” credentials and cultural heritage, fast broadband due to improved infrastructure
Employment opportunities -
Bristol’s Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone
Attracts government grants and tax releif aimed at encouraging economic growth and creating new hobs. In such zones it has been made simpler to get planning permission
How has Bristol’s employment changed?
- Employment originally revoled around its use as a port (e.g. Cigarretes imported from the Carribean)
- Now developments in tertiary and quanternary services - High number of people employed in high-tech companies (430 in Brisol) - largest outside of silicon valley - toshiba
Stats - Broadband
a £100 million government grant to become a super-connected city with broadband speeds of up to 80 Mbps
Stats - Brunel’s Engine Shed
Brunel’s listed engine shed is used for high tech industries which include:
- 18 micro-electronics, media and digital production companies
- further 44 companies which use the facilities
- Use of super fast broadband as part of the Bristol Gigabit project
Stats - Financial industry
Lloysds bank headquarters based in the Bristol docks
Stats - Bristol “green”
In 2015 Bristol became the UK’s first ever European Green capital
It plans to be carbon neutral by 2030
How has urban change created environmental opportunitunities in Bristol?
- Bristol’s Integrated transport system ( added Metrobus rapid transport system and more cycle routways in TQEZ)
- Urban Greening
Stats - Urban Greening
Over 1/3 of bristol is open space, much of it green space, with over 400 parks and gardens and 8 nature reserves
In 2019 Bristol intorduced a 20 year plan to build more play spaces - improved facilities for young people.
The Campaign “Replant Bristol” Was launched, to plant 250 000 new trees by 2030, and contribute towards the city’s aim to be carbon neutral by that year
What are the social and economic challenges in Bristol?
Deprivation - 15% of the city’s residents life in some of the most deprived areas in England. E.g. Broadway in Filwood. - High crime and unempleo levels
Demand for housing, education and employment disparity
What are Bristol’s environmental challenges?
Dereliction
Building on green/brownfield sites
-> Brownfield is costly to rebuild on
-> Building on greenfield is environmentally damaging
Waste disposal
-> Short supply of landfill sites and incineration emits greeenhouse gases
Examples - Dereliction
The Inner City - Stokes Croft
-> Abandonded during deindustrialisation
Former industrial area - Finzels reach
-> Expensive to redevelop the brownfield site
Stats - waste reduction
Reduced by 8% per year to about 462kg per household in 2019
What has increased demand for housing lead to?
Urban Sprawl
-> Caused by expenive inner city housing
-> Competition for brownfield sites
-> Improvements to transport allows easy access to centre
-> Less-polluted, quiet semi-rural area
Impacts of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe?
-> Loss of countryside and the impacts of wildlife biodiversity
-> Increased levels of traffic congestion noise and air pollution
examples of rural-urban fringe developments
Cribbs causeway (out-of-town retail park)
Harry Stoke - Houseing developemnts
Why did temple quarter need to be regenerated?
- Previously an industrial area now derelict- indutrail pollution and waste
What efforts started to regenerate temple quarter? - what are its main features
In 2012 It became part of a 72Ha area enterprize sone, This enabled new businesses to claim tax releif and lew rents, which established faster planning procedures
- Brunels engine shed
- Uni Of Brisol Enterprise (including £43 Million Quantum Technologies inf Centre)
- Temple meads station to reveive a 10.2 million upgrade
Ex - the temple gate scheme
Temple gate is infront of temple Meads railway station - provides tourists and commuters with 1st impression of city - aims to regenerate the area, reviving geen spa ces
What are the main features of the temple gate scheme?
Segregates pedestrian and cycles routes –> new ones as well
New metrobus stop
Like the intergrated transport stuff
How succesful has temple quarter been?
- Attractive and accesible environment
- More than 4000 jobs have been created
- Attracted almost 400 firms from creative, digital and green industries
What problems does traffic create in urban areas?
Environmental - Air pollution (health as well) -> greenhouse gases -> climate change
Economic - Late for work and delayed deliveries -> loss of money for companies
Social - Higher chance of accidents, delay emergency vehicles
Example - Public transport reducing traffic conjestion
London Underground - takes 3 million people off the roads everyday
Self-service bikes - cheaper and new bike lanes have been introduced - improves safety
Oyster Cards - easier to use than seperate tickets
How can managing traffic flow reduce conjestion?
Ring roads and pedestrainised shopping streets
Conjestion charging - discourages drivers from entering the city centre at peak times - A scheme in Durham cut the number of cars entering the historic city by 85%
