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Digestion > 2A-A&P of the STOMACH > Flashcards

2A-A&P of the STOMACH Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the stomach? (in order of proximal to distal)

A

Cardia–>Fundus–>Body–>Pylorus(Antrum&Canal)

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2
Q

What are the two sphincters of the stomach?

A

the LES and the Pyloric

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis externa in the stomach? FROM OUTERMOST to Innermost

A

1.Outermost Longitudinal 2.Middle Circular 3. Innermost Oblique*unique to stomach!

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4
Q

Which omentum is on the rostral(head) portion of the stomach?

A

Lesser Omentum (think space!)

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5
Q

Which omentum is on the caudal (tail) part of the stomach?

A

Greater Omentum

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6
Q

What is the name for the layer of alkaline mucus?

A

Gastric Mucosal Barrier

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7
Q

KEY TO DRUG understanding: What molecules play an important role in protecting the stomach mucosa from injury by enhancing mucus production?

A

PROSTAGLANDINS-Using NSAIDs block prostaglandin production and can cause weakening of the mucosal layer

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8
Q

What are the LARGE hills and valleys of the stomach walls?

A

RUGAE

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9
Q

What are the millions of deep channels on the rugae of the stomach wall?

A

Gastric Pits

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10
Q

The mucosal surface of the stomach is a ___________ epithelium.

A

Simple Columnar

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11
Q

What are the specialized cells of the gastric pits?

A

Gastric Glands

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12
Q

What is the average lifespan of a stomach cell?

A

2-3 Days

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13
Q

What are the stem cells of the stomach?

A

Regenerative Cells-they can turn into any cell

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14
Q

HAHA what are the cells that line the surface of the gastric mucosa?

A

Surface Lining Cells

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15
Q

Which cells secrete alkaline mucus?

A

Mucus Neck Cells

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16
Q

Which cells secrete HCl & Intrinsic Factor?

A

Parietal Cells

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17
Q

What are the two main functions of Intrinsic Factor?

A

Absorption and ErythroPoesis

18
Q

Which cells secrete pepsinogen and Gastric Lipase?

A

Chief Cells

19
Q

Which cells secrete Gastrin (G cells) & Histamine (ECL cells)?

A

Endocrine Cells

20
Q

What is another name for a Parietal Cell?

A

OX-IN-TIC (oxyntic)

21
Q

What is another name for a Chief cell?

A

ZY-MO-GENIC

22
Q

What is another name for an endocrine cell?

A

EnteroEndocrine Cell

23
Q

Review from earlier…How much Gastric Juice is produced daily?

A

2.5L…BOOM

24
Q

The _____ junctions between the cells are also part of the mucosal barrier that protects the gastric epithelium from damage.

25
Q

What are the four examples of substances that can disrupt the mucus layer?

A

Ethanol, Bile Salts, NSAIDs, and H. Pylori

26
Q

What hormone and cell stimulates parietal cells to produce IF and HCl?

A

Gastrin from Endocrine Cells (G cells)

27
Q

How much bolus can the stomach hold?

A

3-6 L of Crap!

28
Q

What is the creamy,soupy paste produced by the stomach?

29
Q

Do the Proton Pumps of a Parietal Cell require ATP?

A

YES! Pumping H+ against its [Gradient]

30
Q

What is the end result in the blood of HCl production in the stomach? So what can happen to the pH of blood after a meal?

A

An Alkaline Tide, BiCarb is released into the blood while H+ is released into the stomach (same as blood buffer equation)…pH can Increase after a meal

31
Q

What are the three phases of Gastric Secretion and Motility?

A

1.Cephalic Phase 2.Gastric Phase 3.Intestinal Phase

32
Q

Which phase is preparatory? Which CN is stimulating the prep?

A

Cephalic Phase, VAGUS stimulates gastric juice production and therefore more gastrin and gastric juice

33
Q

Which phase begins when food reaches the stomach?

A

Gastric Phase

34
Q

What is the positive feedback loop caused when the stomach is distended with food?

A

Gastrin release to stimulate the Parietal cells to release more gastric juices

35
Q

Which hormone increases levels of HCl secretion from parietal cells?

36
Q

What converts Pepsinogen to Pepsin?

37
Q

What are the three hormones that inhibit gastric juice secretion in Intestinal Phase?

A

1.CCK (“Cole-E-sis-TA-K-eye-NIN”) 2. Secretin 3.Gastric Inhibitory Peptide

38
Q

What are the two functions of GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide)?

A

1.Stop Gastric Juice Production 2.Inhibit Gastric Motility

39
Q

What are the three things that can stimulate H+ production in a Paritetal Cell?

A
  1. Histamine 2.Gastrin 3.Vagus Nerve-Acetylcohline
40
Q

What type of receptor does Histamine work on in Parietal cells?

41
Q

What is the reflex when products of protein digestion and H+ in the duodenum inhibit vagus nerve activity? Which phase?

A

EnteroGastric Reflex (Intestinal Phase)

42
Q

Is there absorption of nutrients in the stomach?

Digestion (16 decks)

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