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Digestion > 1A-Basic Fxns of GI > Flashcards

1A-Basic Fxns of GI Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the GI tube?

A

30ft!

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2
Q

What are the two linings of the GI tract?

A
  1. Epithelium 2.Muscle (smooth mainly, little bit of skeletal)
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3
Q

What are the three components of the Small Intestine? (in order of occurrence)

A

DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL! Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)

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4
Q

What are the five components of the Large Intestine? (in order of occurrence)

A

Cecum, Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid Colons

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5
Q

What is the MAIN function of the GI Tract?

A

To SEPARATE! the stuff we eat into nutrients and waste

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6
Q

What are the four mechanisms used by the GI tract to do its job?

A

1.Motility 2.Secretion 3.Digestion 4.Absorption

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7
Q

_________ in the walls of the GI tract maintains a constant low level of contractions known as ____.

A

Smooth Muscle….tone

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8
Q

What is another name/an example of smooth muscle “tone”?

A

Bowel Sounds!

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9
Q

______ is important in maintaining a steady pressure on the contents of the GI tract as well as in preventing its walls from remaining permanently stretched following distention.

A

Tone

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10
Q

Big Concept here! What are the three basic types of motility?

A
  1. Peristalsis 2. Segmentation 3. Tonic Contractions
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11
Q

Peristalsis is completely dependent on _________ contractions of smooth muscle.

A

involuntary

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12
Q

Which direction does peristalsis act?

A

Peristalsis propels contents FORWARD

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13
Q

Which type of motility promotes mechanical digestion of food?

A

Segmentation

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14
Q

Which type of motility facilitates absorption by exposing all portions of the intestinal contents to the absorbing surfaces of the GI tract?

A

Segmentation

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15
Q

Segmentation is completely dependent on ______ contractions of smooth muscle.

A

involuntary

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16
Q

What are the structures used in tonic contraction?

A

Sphincters

17
Q

Tonic Contraction (sphincters) are completely dependent on _________ contractions of smooth muscle

A

involuntary

18
Q

What are the 7 sphincters we discussed?

A

1.Upper Espohageal Sphincter (UES) 2.Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) 3.Pyloric 4.Ileocecal 5.Internal Anal Sphincter 6.External Anal Sphincter 7. Sphincter of Oddi

19
Q

What regulates movement of contents of the common bile duct into the duodenum?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

20
Q

What are the two VOLUNTARY control points in the GI tract?

A

1.mouth/UES 2.EXTERNAL anal sphincter

21
Q

How much total fluid is produced by the body in a day?

A

9L (holy crap!)

22
Q

How much saliva is produced daily?

A

1.5 L

23
Q

How much gastric juice is produced daily?

A

2.5L

24
Q

How much bile is produced daily?

A

0.5L

25
Q

How much pancreatic juice is produced daily?

A

1.5L

26
Q

How much intestinal secretion is produced daily?

A

1.0 L

27
Q

How much MUCUS is produced daily?

A

2.0 L (WOW)

28
Q

What is the underlying mechanism of chemical digestion?

A

Hydrolysis

29
Q

What are the enzymes secreted by entercytes of the GI tract?

A

Brush Border Enzymes

30
Q

What two locations does chemical digestion mainly occur?

A

Small Intestine & Stomach

31
Q

Of the 9L of fluid produced daily, how much ends up in the stool?

A

Only 100ml (1.11%)

32
Q

What are the two problems for the GI tract to solve?

A

1.Recycling 8.9L of fluid 2.Recognition of specific nutrients

33
Q

The ________ is a slick serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity.

A

peritoneum

34
Q

The _________ covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs and is continuous with the __________ that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.

A

visceral peritoneum…….parietal peritoneum

35
Q

Between the two peritoneums is the ________, a slit-like space containing _________ secreted by the two membranes. The _____ fluid lubricates the mobile digestive organs, allowing them to glide easily across one another as they carry out their activities.

A

peritoneal cavity….peritoneal fluid….serous

36
Q

What is inflammation of the peritoneum?

A

Peritonitis

37
Q

What is the accumulation of peritoneal fluid?

A

Ascites (swelling) “Ass-eye-tee’s”

38
Q

What is the apron of fat tissue hanging loosely from the transverse colon and the small intestine? What is the function of this structure?

A

the Greater Omentum…Fuel for organs (peristalsis, segmentation, and tonic contraction)

39
Q

What is the peritoneal fold found in between the small intestine that anchors it to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesentary

Digestion (16 decks)

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