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Digestion > 1C-Salivation > Flashcards

1C-Salivation Flashcards

1
Q

Are salivary glands essential to life?

A

Nope

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2
Q

What are the 4 salivary glands?

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual, and Buccal(lots of mini ones)

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3
Q

How much saliva is secreted by the salivary glands per day?

A

800-1500ml!!!

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4
Q

What is the rare condition in patients who cannot produce saliva? What are the 4 consequences?

A

XeroStomia..1.Dental Caries 2.Dry mouth 3.Infection 4.Inflammation of the buccal mucosa

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5
Q

What are the 7 causes of xerostomia?

A

1.Drugs 2.Sjogren’s Syndrome 3.HIV/AIDS 4.Diabetes 5. Parkinsons 6.Injury 7.Radiation

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6
Q

What is the most common receptor that mediates salivary function?

A

M3 (muscarinic receptor-Ach)

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7
Q

What is the most common infection as a result of xerostomia?

A

Candidiasis

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8
Q

Who is most affected by Sjogren’s Syndrome?

A

Post menopausal women

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9
Q

What are the three parts of a basic unit of a salivary gland?

A

1.An Acinus 2.An intercalated duct 3.A striated duct

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10
Q

What are the elongated or star-shaped non-secreting cells with long branching processes that contract to eject saliva in the mouth?

A

Myo-epi-thelial cells

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11
Q

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Parotid gland

A

SEROUS, 25% of saliva

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12
Q

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Submandibular gland

A

MIXED, 71% of saliva

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13
Q

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Sublingual gland

A

Mucous, 3-4% of saliva

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14
Q

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Minor (Buccal) glands

A

Mucous, Trace % of saliva

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15
Q

What duct drains the parotid gland? Where can I find it?

A

Stensen’s Duct…by the upper 2nd molar

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16
Q

What duct drains the submandibular gland? Where can I find it?

A

Wharton’s Duct…Base of the underside of tongue

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17
Q

What duct(s) drain(s) the sublingual gland? Where can I find them?

A

Ducts of Riv-in-us..along the sublingual fold on the floor of the mouth

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18
Q

What is the composition of saliva? What is the pH?

A

99.5% WATER and 0.5% Electrolytes & Protein…pH=6.0-7.4

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19
Q

What are the three most important salivary proteins?

A

Salivary Alpha-Amylase, Lingual Lipase, Mucins

20
Q

Where does salivary alpha-amylase begin digestion? What does it digest?

A

It digests Carbs in the MOUTH

21
Q

On what and where does lingual lipase do its thing?

A

Lipids in the STOMACH!

22
Q

What do Mucins mix with to make mucus?

A

Water!

23
Q

What type of bond does salivary alpha-amylase NOT cleave?

A

Salivary alpha-amylase does NOT cleave TERMINAL alpha-1,4 linkages NOR alpha-1,6 linkages.

24
Q

What inactivates salivary alpha-amylase?

A

Gastric Acid

25
Q

What are the three antibacterial agents in saliva?

A

Lysozymes, Lactoferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

26
Q

Which saliva component attacks bacterial cell walls?

A

A Lysozyme

27
Q

Which saliva component chelates iron and therefore prevents multiplication of organisms that require iron for growth?

A

LactoFerrin

28
Q

Which salivary component is active against certain viruses and bacteria?

A

IgA

29
Q

About how many species of bacteria can be found in the mouth?!

A

close to 700 different species!!

30
Q

What are the three things normal flora do to hook a brother up?

A

1.Take up space 2.Antagonize other bacteria 3.Stimulate an immune response (AMI-antibody-mediated immune response)

31
Q

What does saliva contain to help neutralize bacterial acid production?

A

BiCarb! HCO3

32
Q

What does saliva contain to help remineralization of enamel? What supplement can enhance the saliva in this endeavor?

A

Calcium and Phosphorous…Fluoride aids in remineralization

33
Q

How long does it take after eating an drinking for bacterial to lower the oral pH? What does it lower it to??

A

It takes 5-10 minutes!!! It can lower it to 5.5 pH!!

34
Q

What type of control is salivation under?

A

Neural Control

35
Q

The continuous, spontaneous secretion of saliva, even in the absence of apparent stimuli, is due to constant low-level stimulation by the __________ nerve endings that terminate in the salivary glands.

A

parasympathetic

36
Q

An unconditioned salivary reflex occurs when chemoreceptors and pressure receptors within the oral cavity respond to the presence of _______.

A

food!

37
Q

On activation, chemo and pressure receptors initiate impulses in ______ nerve fibers that carry the information to the salivary center of the _______.

A

afferent….medulla

38
Q

The salivary center sends impulses via the _______ _______ nerves to the salivary glands to promote increased salivation.

A

extrinsic autonomic

39
Q

What are the two CNs that control parasympathetic signals for salivation?

A

VII and IX

40
Q

__________ stimulation, which exerts the dominant role in salivary secretion, produces a prompt and abundant flow of watery saliva that is rich in enzymes.

A

Parasympathetic

41
Q

_______ and other cholinergic blocking agents reduce salivary secretion.

A

Atropine

42
Q

________ stimulation produces a much smaller volume of thick saliva that is rich in mucus.

A

Sympathetic

43
Q

What type of receptors control parasympathetic pathways for salivation?

A

Muscarinic

44
Q

What type of receptors control sympathetic pathways for salivation?

A

Beta-2

45
Q

What nerves control sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands?

A

T1-T3

46
Q

Salivary secretion is easily _________, as shown in Pavlov’s original experiments.

A

conditioned

Digestion (16 decks)

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