1C-Salivation

Question 1

Are salivary glands essential to life?

Answer 1

Nope

Question 2

What are the 4 salivary glands?

Answer 2

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual, and Buccal(lots of mini ones)

Question 3

How much saliva is secreted by the salivary glands per day?

Answer 3

800-1500ml!!!

Question 4

What is the rare condition in patients who cannot produce saliva? What are the 4 consequences?

Answer 4

XeroStomia..1.Dental Caries 2.Dry mouth 3.Infection 4.Inflammation of the buccal mucosa

Question 5

What are the 7 causes of xerostomia?

Answer 5

1.Drugs 2.Sjogren’s Syndrome 3.HIV/AIDS 4.Diabetes 5. Parkinsons 6.Injury 7.Radiation

Question 6

What is the most common receptor that mediates salivary function?

Answer 6

M3 (muscarinic receptor-Ach)

Question 7

What is the most common infection as a result of xerostomia?

Answer 7

Candidiasis

Question 8

Who is most affected by Sjogren’s Syndrome?

Answer 8

Post menopausal women

Question 9

What are the three parts of a basic unit of a salivary gland?

Answer 9

1.An Acinus 2.An intercalated duct 3.A striated duct

Question 10

What are the elongated or star-shaped non-secreting cells with long branching processes that contract to eject saliva in the mouth?

Answer 10

Myo-epi-thelial cells

Question 11

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Parotid gland

Answer 11

SEROUS, 25% of saliva

Question 12

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Submandibular gland

Answer 12

MIXED, 71% of saliva

Question 13

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Sublingual gland

Answer 13

Mucous, 3-4% of saliva

Question 14

QUICK: ACINUS TYPE, and % of SALIVA for the Minor (Buccal) glands

Answer 14

Mucous, Trace % of saliva

Question 15

What duct drains the parotid gland? Where can I find it?

Answer 15

Stensen’s Duct…by the upper 2nd molar

Question 16

What duct drains the submandibular gland? Where can I find it?

Answer 16

Wharton’s Duct…Base of the underside of tongue

Question 17

What duct(s) drain(s) the sublingual gland? Where can I find them?

Answer 17

Ducts of Riv-in-us..along the sublingual fold on the floor of the mouth

Question 18

What is the composition of saliva? What is the pH?

Answer 18

99.5% WATER and 0.5% Electrolytes & Protein…pH=6.0-7.4

Question 19

What are the three most important salivary proteins?

Answer 19

Salivary Alpha-Amylase, Lingual Lipase, Mucins

Question 20

Where does salivary alpha-amylase begin digestion? What does it digest?

Answer 20

It digests Carbs in the MOUTH

Question 21

On what and where does lingual lipase do its thing?

Answer 21

Lipids in the STOMACH!

Question 22

What do Mucins mix with to make mucus?

Answer 22

Water!

Question 23

What type of bond does salivary alpha-amylase NOT cleave?

Answer 23

Salivary alpha-amylase does NOT cleave TERMINAL alpha-1,4 linkages NOR alpha-1,6 linkages.

Question 24

What inactivates salivary alpha-amylase?

Answer 24

Gastric Acid

Question 25

What are the three antibacterial agents in saliva?

Answer 25

Lysozymes, Lactoferrin, Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

Question 26

Which saliva component attacks bacterial cell walls?

Answer 26

A Lysozyme

Question 27

Which saliva component chelates iron and therefore prevents multiplication of organisms that require iron for growth?

Answer 27

LactoFerrin

Question 28

Which salivary component is active against certain viruses and bacteria?

Answer 28

IgA

Question 29

About how many species of bacteria can be found in the mouth?!

Answer 29

close to 700 different species!!

Question 30

What are the three things normal flora do to hook a brother up?

Answer 30

1.Take up space 2.Antagonize other bacteria 3.Stimulate an immune response (AMI-antibody-mediated immune response)

Question 31

What does saliva contain to help neutralize bacterial acid production?

Answer 31

BiCarb! HCO3

Question 32

What does saliva contain to help remineralization of enamel? What supplement can enhance the saliva in this endeavor?

Answer 32

Calcium and Phosphorous...Fluoride aids in remineralization

Question 33

How long does it take after eating an drinking for bacterial to lower the oral pH? What does it lower it to??

Answer 33

It takes 5-10 minutes!!! It can lower it to 5.5 pH!!

Question 34

What type of control is salivation under?

Answer 34

Neural Control

Question 35

The continuous, spontaneous secretion of saliva, even in the absence of apparent stimuli, is due to constant low-level stimulation by the __________ nerve endings that terminate in the salivary glands.

Answer 35

parasympathetic

Question 36

An unconditioned salivary reflex occurs when chemoreceptors and pressure receptors within the oral cavity respond to the presence of _______.

Answer 36

food!

Question 37

On activation, chemo and pressure receptors initiate impulses in ______ nerve fibers that carry the information to the salivary center of the _______.

Answer 37

afferent....medulla

Question 38

The salivary center sends impulses via the _______ _______ nerves to the salivary glands to promote increased salivation.

Answer 38

extrinsic autonomic

Question 39

What are the two CNs that control parasympathetic signals for salivation?

Answer 39

VII and IX

Question 40

__________ stimulation, which exerts the dominant role in salivary secretion, produces a prompt and abundant flow of watery saliva that is rich in enzymes.

Answer 40

Parasympathetic

Question 41

_______ and other cholinergic blocking agents reduce salivary secretion.

Answer 41

Atropine

Question 42

________ stimulation produces a much smaller volume of thick saliva that is rich in mucus.

Answer 42

Sympathetic

Question 43

What type of receptors control parasympathetic pathways for salivation?

Answer 43

Muscarinic

Question 44

What type of receptors control sympathetic pathways for salivation?

Answer 44

Beta-2

Question 45

What nerves control sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands?

Answer 45

T1-T3

Question 46

Salivary secretion is easily _________, as shown in Pavlov's original experiments.

Answer 46

conditioned