28.1 Carbon-carbon bond formation

Question 1

what are the ways to form a carbon-carbon bond?

Answer 1

using nitriles:

Question 2

what are the two ways a nitrile can be produced?

Answer 2

nucleophilic addition with a carbonyl
nucleophilic substitution with a haloalkane

Question 3

what reaction can nitrile groups undergo with haloalkanes?

Answer 3

nucleophilic substitution

Question 4

reagents for nucleophilic substitution of CN group?

Answer 4

NaCN/ethanol

Question 5

what reaction can nitrile groups undergo with carbonyls?

Answer 5

nucleophilic addition

Question 6

reagents for nucleophilic addition of CN group?

Answer 6

NaCN/H+

Question 7

how can an amine be produced from a nitrile?

Answer 7

reduction reaction with H2

Question 8

reagents needed for reduction of nitriles?

Answer 8

H2/Ni catalyst

Question 9

what happens when nitriles are hydrolysed?

Answer 9

forms a carboxylic acid and NH4Cl

Question 10

reagents needed when nitriles are hydrolysed?

Answer 10

H20/HCl

Question 11

what is alkylation?

Answer 11

addition of an alkyl group to a benzene ring

Question 12

reagents for alkylation

Answer 12

haloalkane and a catalyst

Question 13

benzene + C2H5Cl

Answer 13

Question 14

what is acylation?

Answer 14

addition of an acyl group to a benzene ring

Question 15

reagents for acylation

Answer 15

acyl chloride and catalyst

Question 16

benzene + C2H5COCl

Answer 16