26.4 Carboxylic acid derivatives Flashcards
what is the functional group of an ester?
COO
carboxylic acid + alcohol
ester + water
how do you name an ester?
alcohol group is prefix
carboxylic acid group is suffix
propanoic acid + ethanol
ethyl propanoate
what is hydrolysis?
chemical breakdown of a compound by adding water
what are the conditions for acid hydrolysis?
heated under reflux
H₃PO₄ catalyst
H₂O
what are the products of the acid hydrolysis of an ester?
carboxylic acid + alcohol
what are the conditions for alkali hydrolysis?
heated under reflux
OH- ions
what are the products of the alkali hydrolysis of an ester?
carboxylate ion + alcohol
alkali hydrolysis of methyl ethanoate
what is the reactant needed to form an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid?
SOCl₂
carboxylic acid + SOCl₂
acyl chloride + SO₂ + HCl
propanoic acid + SOCl2
acyl chloride + alcohol
ester + HCl
ethanoyl chloride + propan-1-ol
acyl chloride + phenol
phenyl ester + HCl
ethanoyl chloride + phenol
acyl chloride + water
carboxylic acid + HCl
ethanoyl chloride + water
acyl chloride + ammonia
primary amide + NH₄Cl
acyl chloride + primary amine
secondary amide + alkyl chloride
acid anhydride + phenol
phenyl ester + ethanoic acid
why can’t a carboxylic acid react with a phenol?
they are both weak acids
order of reactivity of derivatives
acyl chloride
acid anhydride
carboxylic acid
