27.1 Amines Flashcards
what is an amine?
organic compound derived from ammonia with a carbon chain
what is an aliphatic amine?
a nitrogen atom attatched to at least one carbon chain
what is an aromatic amine?
a nitrogen atom attached to a benzene ring
what is a tertiary amine?
a nitrogen atom attached to 3 R groups
what is a secondary amine?
a nitrogen atom attached to 2 R groups
what is a primary amine?
a nitrogen atom attached to 1 R groups
what is the condition for the suffix of an amine to be -amino?
the amine group must be on carbon 1
if the amine group is not on carbon 1, how is it named?
using the prefix -amino
if the nitrogen in the amine group is attached to more than one groups of atoms how is it named?
N-substituted derivative
name this amine
N-ethyl N-methyl propylamine
how do amines act as bases?
they have a lone pair of electrons which accept a proton and form a dative covalent bond
how do amines act as bases?
they accept a proton to form a salt
how are primary amines formed?
the lone pair of electrons on ammonia act as a nucleophile to produce an ammonium salt
the salt then reacts with alkali to generate the primary amine
amine + acid
salt
propylamine + HCl
how do you form an amine from a haloalkane?
react with NH3 and ethanol
why is ethanol used to produce a primary amine?
prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to produce alcohols
why is excess ammonia used?
reduces further substitution to form secondary or tertiary amines
what is needed to produce phenylamine from nitrobenzene?
Sn and conc HCl
6 [H] for each NO2 group
what is produced in the reduction of nitrobenzene?
phenylamine
2 moles of water
