26.1 Carbonyl compunds

Question 1

functional group for an aldehyde

Answer 1

CHO

Question 2

how is an aldehyde synthesised?

Answer 2

oxidation of primary alcohols using distillation

Question 3

functional group for a ketone

Answer 3

CO

Question 4

how is a ketone synthesised?

Answer 4

oxidation of secondary alcohols under reflux

Question 5

what is the oxidising agent for oxidation?

Answer 5

K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄

Question 6

what is the carbonyl functional group?

Answer 6

C=O

Question 7

why can carbonyl groups undergo nucleophilic addition?

Answer 7

C=O bond is polar

carbon is delta +ve and oxygen is delta -ve

the delta +ve carbon can therefore attract nucleophiles

Question 8

what reaction mechanism do carbonyls undergo?

Answer 8

nucleophilic addition

Question 9

where does nucleophilic addition occur?

Answer 9

across the C=O bond

Question 10

what is the reducing agent required for reduction of aldehydes/ketones?

Answer 10

NaBH₄/H₂O

[H]

Question 11

how many moles of reducing agent is needed to reduce an aldehyde?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

how many moles of reducing agent is needed to reduce a ketone?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

what does reducing an aldehyde produce?

Answer 13

a primary alcohol

Question 14

what does reducing a ketone produce?

Answer 14

a secondary alcohol

Question 15

what is HCN?

Answer 15

hydrogen cyanide

Question 16

what is used to provide the HCN in a nucleophilic addition reaction?

Answer 16

H₂SO₄/NaCN