2.8 - Tools, Processes, Shaping and Forming of Timbers, Metals and Polymers

Question 1

What are some different saws used for cutting and removing material from timbers, metals and polymers?

Answer 1

• Rip / cross-cut saw
• Tenon saw
• Coping saw
• Hacksaw / junior hacksaw
• Jig saw
• Router
• Planer
• Chisel

Question 2

What is a rip / cross-cut saw used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 2

Uses: For cutting wood along or across the grain.

For: Timber.

Question 3

What is a tenon saw used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 3

Uses: Cutting shallow lines into small pieces of wood. Wood joints.

For: Timber.

Question 4

What is a coping saw used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 4

Uses: For cutting curved lines through a thin material.

For: Timber, plastic and thin metal.

Question 5

What is a hacksaw / junior hacksaw used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 5

Uses: Fine toothed for cutting hard materials such as metal and plastic pipes.

For: Metal and plastic.

Question 6

What is a jig saw used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 6

Uses: A handheld power tool suitable for making straight or curved cuts, It has a reciprocating, narrow saw blade.

For: Timber, metal, plastic,

Question 7

What is a router used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 7

Uses: A handheld router cuts a shape or profile by moving it through the material. CNC routing follows a cutting path. The material is secured on a cutting bed so only the router moves.

For: Timber, plastic.

Question 8

What is a planer used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 8

Uses: For shaping and smoothing by slicing off thin shavings of wood. Planing should follow the direction of the wood grain.

For: Timber.

Question 9

What is a chisel used for and for what materials? (Cutting tool)

Answer 9

Uses: For carving, cutting and shaping wood. The blade has a bevelled edge to give a sharp cutting edge. The handle is hit with a mallet to create the cutting force. Chisels are made in a variety of shapes and widths for the appropriate task.

For: Timber.

Question 10

What are some different drilling tools and drill bits?

Answer 10

• Countersink bit
• Flat bit
• Hole saw
• Twist bit
• Centre punch
• Bradawl

Question 11

How is a countersink bit used? (Drilling tool)

Answer 11

Cuts a slightly larger hole to allow the head of the screw to sit flush or just below the surface of the material.

Question 12

How is a flat bit used? (Drilling tool)

Answer 12

Wide, flat blade used for cutting larger diameter holes.

Question 13

How is a hole saw used? (Drilling tool)

Answer 13

Cylindrical metal blade to cut bigger holes in timber, metal or plastic.

Question 14

How is a centre punch used? (Drilling tool)

Answer 14

Used on metal to create a tiny mark or dent in the work piece. This helps to guide a drill and prevent drift.

Question 15

How is a bradawl used? (Drilling tool)

Answer 15

Marking and making holes accurately before drilling or screwing.

Question 16

How is a twist bit used? (Drilling tool)

Answer 16

General purpose for creating holes in timber, metal or plastic.

Question 17

What are some different abrading tools?

Answer 17

• File
• Rasp
• Abrasive paper (Sandpaper)
• Sander
• Wet and dry paper

Question 18

What is a file used for? (Abrading tool)

Answer 18

• Hand tool used to remove fine amounts of material.
• Available in different shapes and coarseness for a range of surfaces.

Question 19

What is a rasp used for? (Abrading tool)

Answer 19

• A coarse file with individual teeth for shaping wood.
• Produces a rough surface which will need sanding.

Question 20

What is Abrasive paper (Sandpaper) used for? (Abrading tool)

Answer 20

• Sheets of paper coated with an abrasive surface ranging from coarse to fine.
• Abrasive papers are rubbed against a surface to shape and smooth.

Question 21

What is a sander used for? (Abrading tool)

Answer 21

• A sander consists of a wheel or pad, covered with abrasive paper.
• The wheel or pad spins or oscillates rapidly to remove waste material.
• Used for timber

Question 22

What is wet and dry paper used for? (Abrading tool)

Answer 22

• An abrasive paper with a waterproof backing to allow use with water.
• Commonly used for paint finishing on metals or to finish acrylic edges to produce a very smooth surface.

Question 23

What are some different machine tools?

Answer 23

• Disc or belt sander
• Band saw
• Pillar drill

Question 24

What is a disk / belt sander and what materials is it used for?

Answer 24

• A long length of abrasive paper rotates.
• The machinist can then press a workpiece up against the abrasive surface to sand or to remove thick surfaces such as old paint.
• For: Timber.

Question 25

What is a band saw and what materials is it used for?

Answer 25

• A band saw has a long continuous blade stretched between two wheels.
• They can be used for very large cuts or with a finer blade for cutting curves and shapes.
• For: Timber, plastic and metalwork.

Question 26

What is a pillar drill (also known as pedestal drill) and what materials is it used for?

Answer 26

• The drill table is adjustable and a depth stop can be fitted to ensure holes are drilled to a predetermined depth.
• A pillar drill usually drills at 90°.
• With its powerful motor it can drill through thick pieces quickly and accurately.
• For: Timber, metal and plastic.