2.8 Cell respiration Flashcards
Cellular respiration
Gradual and controlled release of energy by breaking down organic compounds to produce ATP molecules
3 main processes of cellular respiration in humans and where they occur
- Glycolysis (cytoplasm)
- Krebs cycle (Matrix of mitochondria)
- Electron transport chain (Inner mitochondrial membrane)
ATP
Molecule that carries energy within the cell for biochemical processes
Is ATP hydrolyzed or condensed to produce energy?
Hydrolyzed
What does ATP allows us to do?
Basic functions to maintain life like thinking, moving, digestion, conducting nerve signals and breathing
Difference between respiration and breathing
Breathing is physical inhalation and exhalation while respiration is breakdown of organic compounds and ATP production
What is the substrate in respiration?
Glucose
ATP + H2O
ADP + Inorganic phosphate + energy released from high energy bond
Which process is involved in anaerobic respiration?
Only glycolysis as others require oxygen
2 types of anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic fermentation and lactic fermentation
Formula for lactic fermentation
Glucose–> Lactate + 2 ATP molecules
Formula for alcohol fermentation
Glucose–> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + 2 ATP
Two organic molecules besides glucose that can be used for respiration
Lipids and proteins
How does yeast help in baking? Refer to anaerobic process
Yeast respires anaerobically to produce ethanol and CO2. CO2 helps bread rise as it gets trapped and makes bubbles while ethanol is evaporated due to heat
Give one example of when humans respire anaerobically and why
During running or strenuous exercise, muscles need ATP to continue even after oxygen is used up. Although only 2 ATP is produced, power of muscle contractions can be maximized
Oxygen debt
Demand for oxygen that builds up during period of anaerobic respiration
In aerobic, is glucose oxidized or reduced?
It is oxidized
Why is there increased ATP production in aerobic?
It goes through all 4 steps of cellular respiration which yields potential energy at each step
Glucose + oxygen
CO2 + H2O + Energy
What is used to measure rate of respiration and how does it measure?
Respirometer. It uses oxygen consumption as an indicator
Respirometer: Purpose of filter paper wicks
Rolled up to increase efficiency of CO2 absorption
Respirometer: Purpose of KOH
KOH absorbs CO2 so changes in pressure due to oxygen can be observed
Respirometer: Purpose of capillary tube
Movement in oil per minute allows us to measure rate of O2 consumption and volume if diameter is known
Respirometer: Purpose of syringe
Used to reset position of colored oil for repeat tests
