2.8 cell respiration

Question 1

cell respiration

Answer 1

the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP

Question 2

The main organic compound used for cell respiration

Answer 2

carbohydrates (glucose), although lipids and proteins can also be digested

Question 3

2 types of cell respiration

Answer 3

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 4

anaerobic respiration

Answer 4

involves the partial breakdown of glucose in the cytosol for a small yield of ATP

Question 5

aerobic respiration

Answer 5

utilises oxygen to completely break down glucose in the mitochondria for a larger ATP yield

Question 6

cell respiration equation

Answer 6

glucose + 6 oxygen -> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + ATP

Question 7

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 7

a high energy molecule that functions as an immediate source of power for cell processes

Question 8

where is the energy stored in ATP?

Answer 8

in the phosphate bonds

Question 9

how is energy released from ATP?

Answer 9

when one of the high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP breaks, energy is released and ADP is formed

Question 10

how do both anaerobic and aerobic respiration pathways begin?

Answer 10

with the anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the cytosol by glycolysis

Question 11

purpose of anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

to restore stocks of NAD+ – as this molecule is needed for glycolysis

Question 12

controlled release

Answer 12

a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Question 13

2 main reactions of aerobic cell respiration

Answer 13

1. glycolysis
2. citric acid cycle

Question 14

glycolysis

Answer 14

in the cytoplasm. a step-by-step process where glucose (C6) produces 2 pyruvate (C3) molecules, 2 ATP, water, and heat energy

Question 15

citric acid cycle

Answer 15

in the mitochondria. a cyclical reaction. pyruvate produces acetyl-CoA (C2) which is oxidized into carbon dioxide (C1). A large amount of ATP is produced.

Question 16

where does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 16

• in the absence of oxygen
• in the cytoplasm

Question 17

write anaerobic respiration in humans

Answer 17

see ipad

Question 18

write anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 18

see ipad

Question 19

how is anaerobic respiration used when exercising?

Answer 19

anaerobic respiration occurs in muscles when energy demand exceeds oxygen availability. lactate is produced, and ATP in small amounts

Question 20

3 main cellular processes that use ATP as a source of energy

Answer 20

1. active transport
2. mitosis
3. DNA replication/transcription, translation
   (bonus: cell communication/signaling)

Question 21

2 organic molecules other than glucose that can be used for respiration

Answer 21

1. amino acids
2. fatty acids

Question 22

2 regions of the cell in which respiration takes place

Answer 22

cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 23

what do respirators do?

Answer 23

calculate the rate of respiration by measuring the consumption of oxygen

Question 24

function of the Potassium hydroxide (soda lime) solution in the respirometer

Answer 24

absorbs CO2 gas

Question 25

function of Capillary tube containing coloured oil in respirometer

Answer 25

Measure the uptake of oxygen (coloured oil will rise as oxygen is consumed)

Question 26

function of Rubber stopper and glass jar in respirometer

Answer 26

Closed system (no input/output of gases)

Question 27

function of wire mesh in respirometer

Answer 27

protection of mouse from lime

Question 28

Describe how and why yeast is used in bread making

Answer 28

-Anaerobic respiration. Sugars is dough are consumed
-Produces CO2 gas → bubbles in bread.
-Ethanol is also produced but evaporates during baking.

Question 29

3 activities that require anaerobic respiration

Answer 29

Baking
Biofuel production
High intensity sports (ex: sprinting)

Question 30

Explain why anaerobic respiration can only be done for short periods of time

Answer 30

Produced little ATP (insufficient to fuel other cell processes).
Build up of lactic acid which is damaging to cells. Needs to be removed aerobically.

Question 31

what does anaerobic respiration in yeast yield?

Answer 31

ethanol and CO2

Question 32

What is the correct sequence of chemicals produced in the anaerobic respiration pathway?

Answer 32

glucose → pyruvate → lactate

Question 33

What is measured by a respirometer?

Answer 33

rate of respiration; Rate of exchange of O2 and CO2