2.3 carbohydrates & lipids Flashcards
metabolism
The sum of all the enzyme catalyzed reactions in an organism or cell
examples of metabolism
Cellular respiration, photosynthesis
Catabolism
The breaking down of complex molecules to form simple one
anabolism
The formation of complex molecules from simple ones
condensation
An anabolic reaction. The -OH group of one molecule reacts with the -H of another molecule to form a bond. Water is created.
example of condensation reaction
Glucose + glucose → maltose + water
hydrolysis
The use of water to break a bond between two molecules.
example of hydrolysis
Sucrose + water → glucose + fructose
enzyme
A protein that catalyzes (increases rate of) chemical reactions.
examples of enzyme
RuBisCo, catalase
what makes a molecule organic?
Organic molecules are molecules that are made of carbon and hydrogen -> must contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms (C-H bonds).
what organic molecules make up all life?
Carbon based, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids
theory of vitalism
There was a vital force unique to living organisms. Molecules that made up life (organic molecules) could not be made from inorganic molecules.
How did Wohler disprove the theory of vitalism?
He accidentally created urea, an organic compound in the lab from ammonium cyanate.
How did Wohler’s discovery disprove vitalism?
Organic compounds are not fundamentally different from other molecules. They are made of the same atoms found on Earth.
formula for pentose
C5(H2O)5
what does -ose imply?
it is a sugar
formula for hexose
C6(H2O)6
formula for heptose
C7(H2O)7
formula for octose
C8(H2O)8
what type of sugar is ribose?
a 5C pentose
draw a ribose molecule
see p. 152
what type of sugar is glucose?
a 6C hexose
draw a glucose molecule
see p. 152
3 types of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
main function of monosaccharides
an immediate energy source for cells
examples of monosaccharides
glucose, galactose and fructose
(gives good flavor)
main function of disaccharides
small enough to be soluble in water and commonly function as a transport form
examples of disaccharides
lactose, maltose and sucrose
(let me sleep)