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POM 2 G: HAEMATOLOGY > 2.8 Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

2.8 Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Blood group refers to

A

Combination of RBC antigens present on membrane

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2
Q

Blood group system is

A

Collection of one or more RBC antigens under the control of a single gene

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3
Q

Most clinically significant blood group systems

A

ABO and Rh

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4
Q

When are antibodies against RBC antigens clinically significant

A

When they can cause haemolysis

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5
Q

Haemolysis

A

Destruction of rbc

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6
Q

HTR

A

Haemolytic transfusion reaction

When incompatible RBC are transfused

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7
Q

HDFN

A

Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

Fetus has different RBC antigens to the mother and the mother produces an antibody to that RBC antigen which crosses the placenta

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8
Q

Types of antibodies against RBC antigens

A

Naturally occurring

Acquired alloantibodies

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9
Q

Naturally occurring antibodies

A

ABO antibodies - antiA and antiB

Production stimulated when immune system encounters the missing blood group in food or mo’s at an early age

Mostly IgM antibodies

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10
Q

IgM antibodies

A

5 Y shaped units giving a pemtameric structure

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11
Q

Can IgM ABO antibodies cause HTR’s and HDFN’s?

A

Only HTR’s, can’t cross placenta for HDFN’s

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12
Q

How are alloantibodies acquired

A

Alloimmunisation - active immunisation to non-self RBC antigens following exposure from another individual eg incompatible blood transfusion or pregnancy

Rhd

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13
Q

What type of antibodies are acquired alloantibodies

A

IgG

Y shaped

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14
Q

Can IgG antibodies cause HTR’s and HDFN’s

A

Delayed HTRs and can cross placenta to call HDFN

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15
Q

Which antigens do group a individuals express on their RBC

A

A antigens

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16
Q

Which antigens do group o express on RBC

A

Neither a nor b

17
Q

What can antibodies do

A

Activate complement

Cause potentially fatal haemolysis

18
Q

How are a and b antigens formed

A

Adding a sugar residue onto a common glycoprotein and fucose stem

19
Q

What’s the fucose stem on antigens also known as

A

H antigen

20
Q

How does the a gene determine antigen

A

Codes for enzyme that adds n Acetyl galaxtosamine to the H antigen

21
Q

How does the b gene determine b antigen

A

Codes for enzyme which adds galactose to h antigen

22
Q

Red cells shelf life

A

35 days

23
Q

Platelet shelf life

A

7 days

24
Q

FFP shelf life

A

3 years

25
Q

Cryoprecipitate shelf life

A

3 years

26
Q

Dose of ffp

A

3 units

27
Q

What does cryoprecipitate contain

A

Fibrinogen and factor 8

28
Q

When to use cryoprecipitate

A

Lots of bleeding and fibrinogen is low

29
Q

Platelet transfusion use

A

Bone marrow failure (leukaemia, decreased platelets)

Massive bleeding

Veryblow platelets and patient needs surgery

Cardiac bypass patient on anti platelet drugs

POM 2 G: HAEMATOLOGY (8 decks)

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