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Psych > 27. Trauma and PTSD > Flashcards

27. Trauma and PTSD Flashcards

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1
Q

types of trauma

A
  • physical: bodily injury

- psychological: overwhelming stressful event that threatens survival and sense of security

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2
Q

capacity to withstand stress and catastrophe

A

resilience

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3
Q

characteristics of resilience

A
  • develops over time
  • culmination of multiple internal and external factors
  • reduces impact of risk factors
  • enhances ability to “bounce back” and recover from stress experiences
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4
Q

What decreases as resilience increases

A

stronger resilience = less likely a person will experience reactions that lead to maladaptive behaviors and outcomes

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5
Q

what is resilience related to

A
  • positive self-concept and self-worth
  • feeling of being in control of one’s life
  • feelings of power
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6
Q

3 resilient behaviors

A
  • positive problem solving
  • meaningful communication
  • effective coping skills
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7
Q

development of PTSD symptoms after exposure to trauma from 3 days to 1 month after traumatic event; may progress to PTSD

A

acute stress disorder

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8
Q

emotional or behavior symptoms in response to a stressful event that does not meet criteria for PTSD; sxs may seem out of proportion to stressor and usually resolve after situation resolves

A

adjustment disorder

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9
Q

child is culturally inappropriate and overly familiar with strangers; usually dx in childhood

A

disinhibited social engagement disorder (children)

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10
Q

inability to develop positive attachments to caregivers because of prior social neglect; inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward caregiver (usually occurs when caregiver changes frequently)

A

reactive attachment disorder (children)

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11
Q

development of intrusive, dissociative, mood, cognitive, or hyperarousal sxs following exposure to a traumatic event

A

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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12
Q

3 groups of adverse childhood experiences

A
  • abuse (emotional, physical or sexual)
  • household challenges (substance abuse, mental illness in household, divorce)
  • neglect (emotional or physical)
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13
Q

types of traumatic events that lead to PTSD

A
  • directly experienced
  • witnessed
  • learned about from others
  • repeated exposure to adverse events
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14
Q

T/F: most people who experience a traumatic event don’t develop PTSD

A

True

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15
Q

clinical course of PTSD

A
  • sxs develop several days after event and must last at least 1 month
  • sxs may develop 3-6 months after event (delayed-onset)
  • 1/3 of people w/ PTSD develop chronic sxs
  • sxs fluctuate in intensity w/ time and worsen during periods of stress
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16
Q

diagnostic criteria for PTSD

A
  • intrusive sxs
  • avoidance of person, place, or object that are reminders of event
  • negative mood and cognitions (negative thoughts associated w/ event)
  • hyperarousal w/ hyper vigilance for at least 1 month
  • aggressive, reckless, or self-destructive behavior
  • sleep disturbances
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17
Q

involuntary appearance of thoughts, memories, or dreams of trauma events (cues that symbolize or resemble original event)

A

intrusion

18
Q

examples of intrusions

A
  • flashbacks
  • nightmares
  • dissociative reactions
19
Q

feeling or acting as if the event is reoccurring

A

dissociative reactions

20
Q

examples of dissociative reactions

A
  • derealization (feelings of unreality)
  • depersonalization (experience of self or environment is strange or unreal)
  • periods of disengagement from environment during stress (spacing out)
  • alterations in bodily perceptions
  • emotional numbing
  • out-of-body experiences
  • amnesia about abuse-related memories
21
Q

How does mood alter after a traumatic event

A
  • becomes more irritable
  • episodes of explosive anger, fear, guilt, or shame
  • person often has difficulty experiencing positive emotions (happiness or love)
22
Q

How does cognition alter after a traumatic event

A
  • exaggerative negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, and the world
  • may believe that nobody can be trusted or that they are a terrible person
23
Q

characteristics of hyperaurousal

A
  • person is hypervigilant for signs of danger
  • startles easily
  • reacts irritably to small annoyances
  • sleeps poorly
  • overreacts to others -> causes others to avoid the person -> maintains state of hyperarousal
24
Q

epidemiology of PTSD

A
  • women twice as likely as men to experience PTSD
  • high percentage of people w/ PTSD are veterans
  • childhood cancer survivors have an increased risk
25
Q

Triggers for PTSD in men

A
  • fire/disasters/accidents
  • assaults
  • combat
  • being held captive
26
Q

Triggers for PTSD in women

A
  • child abuse
  • sexual or physical abuse
  • traumatic events prior to age 18
27
Q

PTSD sxs in children

A
  • bedwetting after being toilet trained
  • forgetting how or being unable to talk
  • acting out scary event during playtime
  • being unusually clingy w/ parent or other adult
28
Q

PTSD sxs in adolescents

A
  • may show sxs like adults
  • develop disruptive, disrespectful, or destructive behaviors
  • feel guilty for not prevent injury or death
29
Q

biological factors for PTSD

A

include neurobiological (fear conditioning) and genetics interacting w/ environment

30
Q

What may be an underlying cause of hyperarousal

A

behavioral sensitization (aka kindling)

31
Q

collaborative interventions for PTSD

A
  • pharmacology: SSRI, Benzos, and Prazosin (off-label for nightmares)
  • cognitive behavioral therapy
  • meditation
  • family therapy
  • group therapy
  • psychodynamic psychotherapy
  • eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
32
Q

What safety issues should be assessed in pts w/ PTSD

A
  • self injury
  • aggression towards others
  • substance abuse
  • suicide
33
Q

physical assessment of PTSD

A
  • physical needs (sleep, substance use, pain, somatic experiences)
  • safety needs (suicide and aggression)
  • original trauma and natures
  • specific physical sxs and emotional and behavioral consequences
  • length of time patient’s PTSD has been present
34
Q

psychosocial assessment of PTSD

A
  • severity of PTSD sxs on daily life
  • presence of mood and cognitive sxs
  • presence of intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, and arousal behaviors
35
Q

strength assessment of PTSD

A
  • health
  • supportive relationships
  • economic stability
  • motivation
  • resilience
36
Q

nursing interventions for PTSD

A
  • establish trust in relationship w/ pt
  • physical health
  • medications
  • substance abuse
  • relaxation
  • stress reduction
  • support groups
37
Q

therapy that helps people face and control their fear by exposing them to the trauma in a safe way

A

exposure therapy

38
Q

therapy that helps people make sense of their bad memories by reframing their experiences in a more realistic way (may feel shame or guilt about something not their fault)

A

cognitive restructuring

39
Q

therapy that helps people understand why recovery from traumatic events has been difficult and how sxs of PTSD affect daily life; focus on identifying how traumatic experiences changed thoughts and beliefs and influenced current feelings and behaviors

A

cognitive processing therapy

40
Q

therapy that teaches a person how to reduce anxiety; helps people look at memories in a healthy way

A

stress inoculation training

Psych (17 decks)

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