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Psych > 21. Suicide > Flashcards

21. Suicide Flashcards

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1
Q

person is thinking about suicide

A

suicide ideation

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2
Q

includes willful, self-inflicted life threatening attempts that have not led to death

A

suicide attempt

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3
Q

act of intentionally ending one’s own life and opting for nonexistence

A

suicide

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4
Q

voluntary apparent attempt at suicide where the aim is not death (intent varies)

A

parasuicide

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5
Q

probability that a person will die by suicide; likelihood that a method of death will succeed

A

lethality

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6
Q

myths of suicide

A
  • people who talk about suicide don’t die by it
  • suicide happens without warning
  • people who die by suicide are fully intent on dying-
    suicides occur more frequently during holidays
  • improvement after suicide crisis means risk of over
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7
Q

a bodily lesions resulting from acute overexposure to energy (mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, or radiant)

A

physical injury

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8
Q

examples of physical injury

A
  • suffocation
  • poisoning or overdose
  • lacerations
  • gunshot wounds
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9
Q

examine factors that identify whose who are most likely to attempt suicide

A

ideation of action theories

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10
Q

3 interactive factors that indicate a high risk of suicide

A
  • thwarted belongingness: feelings of loneliness or isolation
  • perceived burdensomeness: feelings of being a burden to others
  • acquired capability for suicide: heightened sense of fearlessness and a high pain threshold (develops over time)
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11
Q

progression from suicide ideation to suicide attempt

A

volitional factors

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12
Q

4 volitional factors

A
  • acquired capability
  • access to lethal means
  • planning
  • impulsivity
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13
Q

a lack of social connection that contributes to suicide thoughts and actions

A

social distress

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14
Q

examples of social distress

A
  • single
  • separated or widowed
  • homeless w/o religious affiliations
  • interpersonal conflict
  • sexual minorities
  • bullying
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15
Q

suicide behavior that occurs after the suicide death of a known other

A

suicide contagion

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16
Q

T/F: poverty and economic disadvantage is associated w/ suicide

A

True

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17
Q

protective factors from suicide

A
  • family and community support
  • skills in problem solving, conflict resolution, and non-violent ways of handling disputes
  • cultural and religious beliefs
  • easy assess to clinical care
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18
Q

marital status risk factors for suicide

A

single 2x more likely than married people

19
Q

gender risk factors for suicide

A

women attempt suicide more often but men succeed more (more lethal methods)

20
Q

age risk factors for suicide

A
  • risk of suicide increases w/ age

- highest risk group: males 22-44 years old and white males over age 75

21
Q

ethnicity risk factors for suicide

A
  • American Indian/Native Alaska have highest risk

- Caucasian is second highest

22
Q

social risk factors for suicide

A
  • no religious affiliation
  • highest and lowest social classes have higher risk than middle class
  • unemployment or increased financial burden
23
Q

physical risk factors for suicide

A
  • psychiatric illness (mood disorders most common)
  • severe insomnia
  • alcohol and barbiturate use
  • psychosis w/ command hallucinations
  • chronic painful or disabling illness
  • family Hx of suicide
  • loss of loved one through death or separation
24
Q

largest risk factor of suicide

A

previous suicide attempt (about half of those who die by suicide have hx of attempts - usually within years)

25
Q

3 areas of suicide assessment

A
  • thoughts or ideation
  • intention
  • behavior
26
Q

2 important questions to aks pt to establish suicide ideation

A
  • over the past month, have you wished you were dead or wished you could go to sleep and not wake up?
  • over the past month, have you had any actual thoughts of killing yourself
  • answer “yes” to either question = risk (learn intent)
27
Q

how to establish suicidal intent

A

past or present evidence (explicit or implicit) that a person

  • wishes to die
  • means to kill him/herself
  • understands probable consequences of his/her actions or potential actions
28
Q

questions to ask to assess suicidal intent

A

over the past month have you

  • been thinking how you might do this
  • had these thoughts and some intention of action on them
  • started to work out the details of how to kill yourself
  • if yes, did you intend to carry out this plan
29
Q

thought of at least one method w/ no intent on acting on thoughts and has not worked out details

A

intent; method

30
Q

thought of method but would never go through with it

A

suicide thoughts w/ no intent

31
Q

thought about method but not sure if would go through with it (possible)

A

some intent; no plan

32
Q

thoughts of killing oneself with plan fully or partially worked out and some intent to carry it out

A

suicidal thoughts with specific plan and intent

33
Q

how to assess suicidal behavior

A

Have you ever done anything started to do anything or prepared to do anything to end your life in the past 3 months?

34
Q

acts or preparation towards self-directed violence; before potential for injury has begun; anything beyond verbalization or thought

A

preparatory behavior

35
Q

examples of preparatory behavior

A
  • collecting pills
  • obtaining gun
  • giving away valuables
  • writing a will
  • went to a bridge but didn’t jump
  • tried to shoot or hang self
36
Q

behavioral cues of potential suicide

A
  • giving away possessions
  • writing farewell notes
  • making a will or putting affairs in order
  • sudden improvement after being depressed/withdrawn (more energy to carry out suicide)
  • neglecting personal hygiene
37
Q

interventions for crisis period

A
  • hospitalization w/ suicide precautions or observations
  • keep accurate records of pt; document activity every 15 minutes (per protocol)
  • encourage pt to discuss feelings/problem-solving alternatives
  • support or develop safety plan
38
Q

interventions for outpatient setting

A
  • don’t leave person alone
  • refer for a comprehensive assessment
  • enlist help of family or friends
  • schedule frequent appointments
  • establish rapport and promote trusting relationship
39
Q

prioritized written list of coping strategies and sources of support for anyone who has had a suicidal crisis; collaborated on by clinicians and patient

A

safety plan

40
Q

3 characteristics of safety plan

A
  • brief
  • in patient’s own words
  • easy to read
41
Q

steps of safety plan

A
  • warning signs: when to use safety plan
  • internal coping strategies: problem-solving strategies that can be done on their own
  • social contacts who may distract from crisis: places that help person feel safe
  • family member or friends who may offer help: prioritize list
  • professionals and agencies to contact for help
  • making environment safe: remove firearms, prescriptions etc.
  • write down 1 thing important to person and worth living for
42
Q

safety plan followup

A
  • assess likelihood of following safety plan
  • where safety plan is kept and can be accessed
  • evaluate format
  • review periodically
43
Q

education for family and friends of suicidal patient

A
  • take any hint of suicide seriously
  • don’t keep secrets
  • be a good listener
  • express to patient feelings of personal worth
  • restrict access to firearms or other means of self-harm

Psych (17 decks)

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