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Psych > 18. Stress and Mental Health > Flashcards

18. Stress and Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

describes the dynamic regulatory process that maintains homeostasis through a process of adaptation

A

allostasis

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2
Q

When is physiologic stability achieved

A

when the autonomic nervous system, the HPA, CV, metabolic, and immune systems respond to internal and external stimuli

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3
Q

characteristics of acute stress

A
  • reaction to a threatening event
  • time limited but can occur repeatedly
  • associated w/ the “fight or flight” response
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4
Q

ongoing physiologic reaction to events that results in “wear and tear” on the body and negatively impacts health and well-being; “fight and flight” becomes maladaptive

A

chronic stress

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5
Q

3 stages of Seyle’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A
  • alarm: threat is perceived and body response physiologicically
  • resistance: coping mechanisms are used to try and reestablish homeostasis
  • exhaustion: occurs if homeostasis is not achieved
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6
Q

What hormone in excess contributes to dysregulation of the ANS

A

cortisol

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7
Q

increase in the number of abnormal biological parameters as a consequence of wear and tear on the body and brain

A

allostatic load

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8
Q

What is allostatic load associated with?

A

Poor health (greater state of chronic stress)

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9
Q

Allostatic load indicators

A
  • BP
  • waist to hip ratios
  • Glucose (HgbA1C)
  • immune system values (CBC)
  • Cortisol and NE levels
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10
Q

What type of people are known to have increased allostatic load

A
  • lower socioeconomic status
  • racial & ethnic groups
  • older adults
  • PTSD
  • depression
  • suicide
  • chronic pain
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11
Q

examples of acute stress

A
  • new challenge
  • presentation at work
  • intermittent fasting
  • running sprints
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12
Q

examples of chronic stress

A
  • annoying boss
  • bad work schedule
  • difficult spouse
  • poor sleep habits
  • negative friends
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13
Q

a genetic predisposition increases susceptibility to developing a disorder

A

diathesis

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14
Q

2 factors that determine if a person experiences a stress response

A
  • person-environment relationship

- appraisal of events

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15
Q

personality: competitive, aggressive, ambitious, impatient, alert, tense, and restless; think, speak, and act at an accelerated pace and reflect time-urgent style of living (increased arousal)

A

Type A

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16
Q

personality: relaxed, easygoing, and easily satisfied; use problem solving skills for major problems and usually don’t try to accomplish too much at any one time

A

Type B

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17
Q

personality: introverted, respectful, conforming, compliant, and eager to please; avoid conflict and respond to stress w/ depression and hopelessness

A

Type C

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18
Q

personality: increased negative emotions (depressed), pessimism, and non sharing of emotions

A

Type D

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19
Q

consists of linkages among defined set of people with whom an individual has personal contacts

A

social networks

20
Q

consists of 6-12 people with whom a person has close contact

A

Level I social network

21
Q

consists of a larger number of contacts, generally 30-40 people whom the person sees regularly

A

Level II social network

22
Q

consists of a large number of people with whom the person has direct contact such as a cashier or mail man; can represent several hundred people

A

Level III social network

23
Q

ideal characteristics for a social network

A
  • fairly dense and interconnected (people connected to each other)
  • balance between intense and less intense relationships
  • opportunities to give and take from network members
24
Q

positive interpersonal interactions provided by a social network that varies with new life events and health status

A

social support

25
Q

3 functions of social support

A
  • emotional support contributes to person’s feelings of being cared for and loved
  • tangible support provides person w/ resources
  • Informational support helps person view situation in new way
26
Q

complex process that includes demands, constraints, resources, and personal goals and beliefs; critical factor is risk of event

A

appraisal

27
Q

evaluation of events as a threat, harm, or challenge

A

primary appraisal

28
Q

What is determined during primary appraisal

A
  • the goal is relevant
  • the goal is consistent w/ his or her values and beliefs
  • if a personal commitment is present
29
Q

explanation of outcome of events; may be blame or credit given for outcome

A

secondary appraisal

30
Q

2 parts of a stress response

A
  • physiologic response

- emotional response

31
Q

emotions that occur when there is a threat to, delay in, or thwarting of a goal or a conflict between goals

A

negative emotions

32
Q

examples of negative emotions

A
  • anger
  • fright
  • anxiety
  • guilt
  • shame
  • sadness
  • envy
  • jealousy
  • disgust
33
Q

emotions that occur when there is a movement toward or attainment of a goal

A

positive emotions

34
Q

examples of positive emotions

A
  • happiness
  • pride
  • relief
  • love
35
Q

emotional that are somewhat ambiguous

A
  • hope
  • compassion
  • empathy
  • sympathy
  • contentment
36
Q

group of emotional reactions but are too ambiguous to fit into an emotional category

A

nonemotions

37
Q

examples of nonemotions

A
  • confidence
  • awe
  • confusion
  • excitement
38
Q

deliberate planned and psychological activity to manage stressful demands

A

coping

39
Q

coping where the person attacks the source of stress and solves the problem; changes the person-environment relationship

A

problem focused coping

40
Q

coping where the person reduces the stress by reinterpreting the situation to change its meaning

A

emotion focused coping

41
Q

same thing as appraisal but occurs after coping -> provides feedback about the outcomes and allows for continual adjustment to new info

A

reappraisal

42
Q

person’s capacity to survive and flourish

A

adaptation

43
Q

3 areas affected by adaptation

A
  • healthy coping (or ineffective coping)
  • psychological well-being (or unsatisfactory outcomes)
  • social functioning (or impaired)
44
Q

overall goals for nursing management of stress

A
  • resolve stressful person-environment situations
  • reduce stress response
  • develop positive coping skills
45
Q

goals for those at high risk for stress

A
  • recognize potential for stressful situations

- strengthen positive coping skills

46
Q

nursing assessment for stress

A
  • physical: ROS, physical functioning, pharmacology
  • psychosocial: emotions with severity, and coping strategies
  • social network assessment
47
Q

nursing interventions for stress

A
  • nutrition
  • exercise
  • relaxation techniques
  • referral for hypnosis or biofeedback
    alternate coping strategies
  • facilitation of family functioning
  • expand social network
  • parent education
  • family therapy

Psych (17 decks)

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