Chapter 1: Biology, Exploring Life

Question 1

List life’s levels of organization from largest to smallest

Answer 1

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom

Question 2

Which of the following levels of biological organization includes all on the list: organ, molecule population, tissue?

Answer 2

population

Question 3

What are the two major processes in an ecosystem?

Answer 3

Recycling chemical nutrients and flow of energy

Question 4

What is the chemical flow for producers?

Answer 4

They use CO2 from air and H2O from soil and minerals from soil

Question 5

What is the chemical flow for consumers?

Answer 5

Take O2 from air and return CO2, waste returns chemicals to soil

Question 6

What is the chemical flow for decomposers?

Answer 6

They change wastes from consumers into minerals plants can use

Question 7

What is the difference between flow of energy and chemical nutrients?

Answer 7

Chemical nutrients cycle within the web, while energy is gained and lost constantly and enters and exits the ecosystem as heat.

Question 8

What are the energy transfers for energy within the ecosystem?

Answer 8

light energy to chemical energy to heat energy

Question 9

How can one tell a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell apart?

Answer 9

A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus and no membraned organelles and is usually smaller and simpler, a eukaryotic cell is usually bigger and more complex, has a nucleus, and has membraned organelles.

Question 10

What is the foundation for unity of life?

Answer 10

The genetic information in DNA molecules

Question 11

How do genes become varied?

Answer 11

There are 4 chemical letters that line up in some sort of sequential string that encodes precise info in genes.

Question 12

How does diversity exist?

Answer 12

Diversity stems from differences in DNA sequences

Question 13

Explain how photosynthesis of plants functions in both the cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

Answer 13

Photosynthesis uses light to convert CO2 and H2O to energy-rich food, making it the pathway by which both chemical nutrients and energy become available to most organisms

Question 14

Explain why cells are considered the basic units of life?

Answer 14

They are the lowest level in the hierarchy of biological organization at which the properties of life emerge

Question 15

What is the chemical basis for all of life’s kinship?

Answer 15

DNA as the genetic material

Question 16

What are the three domains?

Answer 16

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 17

Which are prokaryotic and typically unicellular?

Answer 17

Bacteria, Archaea

Question 18

What are the kingdoms of Bacteria?

Answer 18

Eubacteria

Question 19

What are the kingdoms of Archaea?

Answer 19

Archaebacteria

Question 20

What are the kingdoms of Eukarya?

Answer 20

Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi

Question 21

What is the difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

Answer 21

Bacteria are the most commonly found bacteria that are all around you daily. Archaea are the bacteria that are in more rare or unique locations like inside geysers

Question 22

List all of the characteristic of living things?

Answer 22

Growth and development, Organization and presence of 1+ cells, Response to Stimuli, Metabolism, Reproduction, Change over time, and Homeostasis

Question 23

Describe Organization and presence of 1+ cells

Answer 23

A cell is the smallest unit that can perform all of life’s processes. when it has 1 cell it is unicellular, 1+ it is multicellular

Question 24

Describe Response to Stimuli

Answer 24

A response to the physical or chemical change into the internal or external environment

Question 25

Describe Homeostasis

Answer 25

Same Stability. Process by which organisms maintain stable internal conditions despite what is happening in their external environment. NOT JUST TEMPERATURE (cold blooded animals)

Question 26

Describe Metabolism

Answer 26

Sum of all chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from environment; almost all energy originally comes from sun

Question 27

Describe Growth and Development

Answer 27

Living things must grow and increase in size, cell division, and go through a process to become a mature adult

Question 28

Describe Reproduction

Answer 28

Nonessential for the survival of the individual, but essential for the continuation of the species (hereditary info passed on through DNA) there is both sexual and asexual (without sex)

Question 29

Describe change through time

Answer 29

change through time is important for survival in changing world

Question 30

List all steps of the scientific method

Answer 30

Make an Observation, Ask a Question, Create a Hypothesis, Predict What Will Happen, Design and Carry Out Experiment, Conclusion

Question 31

Make an Observation

Answer 31

Use senses to receive knowledge about the world

Question 32

Ask a Question

Answer 32

Think about what you observed and use curiosity to ask a question

Question 33

Create a Hypothesis

Answer 33

Use everything you know about what you observed and questioned to make an educated guess about why it is that way

Question 34

Predict what will happen

Answer 34

Put pieces together and make statement about what you expect to happen in the experiment you are creating to answer your question.

Question 35

Design and Carry Out Experiment

Answer 35

Plan experiment with all good elements of an experiment and then do it

Question 36

Experimental Group

Answer 36

group in study that is test group

Question 37

control group

Answer 37

group in study that is NOT test group, therefore nothing is being done to them, they just have same constants as experimental

Question 38

Independent Variable

Answer 38

The variable that is being changed

Question 39

Dependent variable

Answer 39

"D" for data, variable that is based on what IV is

Question 40

Constants

Answer 40

things that you keep the same in an experiment, what both the control and experimental group must have

Question 41

Conclusion

Answer 41

By analyzing results you can determine whether your hypothesis/prediction was right

Question 42

Difference between correlative design and scientific method

Answer 42

Correlative design is like discovery science where you are just basically making observations instead of actually deterring something.

Question 43

How to Have Good Experimental design

Answer 43

randomize the population, high sample sizes, design experiment that can be replicated by others, isolate and manipulate a defined variable

Question 44

Ways of Scientific Misconduct

Answer 44

negligence- careless science/data plagiarism- copying from someone else's work obfuscation- removing that which didn't go well fabrication- making up results duplication- publishing same paper in multiple journals with a few tweaks conflict of interest-who's providing funding vs. the desired outcomes authorship- orders of authors on scientific papers is based on who is most important