2.6 Transport Systems in Animals Flashcards
In mammals what does the blood contain?
Plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.
Name the substances transported by the blood. (3)
Nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
How are red blood cells specialised? (3)
1 - By being biconcave to increase surface area for diffusion of oxygen.
2 - By not having a nucleus.
3 - By containing haemoglobin.
What does haemoglobin carry?
Oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin.
What are white blood cells apart of?
The immune system.
What are white blood cells involved in?
Destroying pathogens.
What do phagocytes do?
Carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens.
What do lymphocytes do?
Produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.
Label a diagram of a heart.
Check answers.
Name the top two chambers of the heart.
Right and left atria.
Name the bottom two chambers of the heart.
Right and left ventricles.
Where are the valves in the heart found?
Between the atria and ventricles and between the ventricles and atria.
What do valves prevent?
The backflow of blood.
Where do veins carry blood?
Back to the heart, into the atria.
Where do arteries carry blood?
Away from the heart, from the ventricles.
What does coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with?
Oxygenated blood.
Describe the pathway of blood through the heart, lungs and body, beginning with the lungs.
L____ ()
P_____ V___
____ A___
V____
_____ V_____
A____
B___ C___ ()
V___ C___
____ A____
V____
_____ V_____
P____ A____
L____
Lungs (oxygenated) - pulmonary vein - left atrium - valve - left ventricle - valve - aorta - body cells (deoxygenated) - vena cava - right atrium - valve - right ventricle - valve - pulmonary artery - lungs.
What pressure do arteries carry blood under?
High pressure.
What 2 structures of arteries help them carry blood under high pressure?
1 - Thick, muscular walls
2 - Narrow central channel
What pressure do veins carry blood under?
Low Pressure
What 3 structures of veins help them carry blood under low pressure?
1 - Thinner walls
2 - Wider central channel
3 - Valves
Where are capillaries found?
In organs and tissues as networks.
What happens at capillaries?
Exchange of materials, e.g.glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen, urea, by diffusion in the tissues.
How are capillaries adapted for exchange of materials?
1 - They have a large surface area for diffusion
2 - They have thin walls: one cells thick
