2.6 Transport Systems in Animals

Question 1

In mammals what does the blood contain?

Answer 1

Plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.

Question 2

Name the substances transported by the blood. (3)

Answer 2

Nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 3

How are red blood cells specialised? (3)

Answer 3

1 - By being biconcave to increase surface area for diffusion of oxygen.

2 - By not having a nucleus.

3 - By containing haemoglobin.

Question 4

What does haemoglobin carry?

Answer 4

Oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 5

What are white blood cells apart of?

Answer 5

The immune system.

Question 6

What are white blood cells involved in?

Answer 6

Destroying pathogens.

Question 7

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 7

Carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens.

Question 8

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 8

Produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen.

Question 9

Label a diagram of a heart.

Answer 9

Check answers.

Question 10

Name the top two chambers of the heart.

Answer 10

Right and left atria.

Question 11

Name the bottom two chambers of the heart.

Answer 11

Right and left ventricles.

Question 12

Where are the valves in the heart found?

Answer 12

Between the atria and ventricles and between the ventricles and atria.

Question 13

What do valves prevent?

Answer 13

The backflow of blood.

Question 14

Where do veins carry blood?

Answer 14

Back to the heart, into the atria.

Question 15

Where do arteries carry blood?

Answer 15

Away from the heart, from the ventricles.

Question 16

What does coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with?

Answer 16

Oxygenated blood.

Question 17

Describe the pathway of blood through the heart, lungs and body, beginning with the lungs.
L____ ()
P_____ V___
____ A___
V____
_____ V_____
A____
B___ C___ ()
V___ C___
____ A____
V____
_____ V_____
P____ A____
L____

Answer 17

Lungs (oxygenated) - pulmonary vein - left atrium - valve - left ventricle - valve - aorta - body cells (deoxygenated) - vena cava - right atrium - valve - right ventricle - valve - pulmonary artery - lungs.

Question 18

What pressure do arteries carry blood under?

Answer 18

High pressure.

Question 19

What 2 structures of arteries help them carry blood under high pressure?

Answer 19

1 - Thick, muscular walls
2 - Narrow central channel

Question 20

What pressure do veins carry blood under?

Answer 20

Low Pressure

Question 21

What 3 structures of veins help them carry blood under low pressure?

Answer 21

1 - Thinner walls
2 - Wider central channel
3 - Valves

Question 22

Where are capillaries found?

Answer 22

In organs and tissues as networks.

Question 23

What happens at capillaries?

Answer 23

Exchange of materials, e.g.glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen, urea, by diffusion in the tissues.

Question 24

How are capillaries adapted for exchange of materials?

Answer 24

1 - They have a large surface area for diffusion
2 - They have thin walls: one cells thick