1.4 Proteins Flashcards
What does the sequence of amino acids control?
The shape and function of proteins.
What do structural proteins hold together?
Proteins. E.g. collagen
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers which carry a message from a gland to a receptor via the blood.
What are antibodies?
Proteins, made by white blood cells, which destroy pathogens.
What do receptors do? (bind …)
Bind to a hormone and tell the target cell what to do.
What are enzymes? Give an example.
Biological catalysts. E.g. amylase.
What are enzymes made by?
All living cells
What do biological catalysts do?
Speed up chemical reactions in cells and remain unchanged in the process.
What is an active site?
Where the substrate fits into the enzyme and is a complementary shape to it.
What is a substrate?
The reactant(s) in a reaction, and is specific to an enzyme.
What is a product?
The molecule(s) made by an enzyme-controlled reaction.
What are optimum conditions?
The temperature and pH at which the enzymes are most active.
Define denatured?
When the active site changes shape and affects the rate of the reaction.
How does an enzyme become denatured?
Give an example of a degradation reaction. (SAM)
Starch →amylase →maltose
