1.6 Respiration Flashcards
Define respiration.
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions which release the chemical energy stored in
glucose.
What is the energy released during respiration used to make?
ATP
What can energy transferred by ATP be used for? (4)
Muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis, transmission of nerve impulses.
What does one glucose molecule get broken down into?
Two molecules of pyruvate and releases enough energy for 2 ATP
Explain what happens when oxygen is present in respiration.
Aerobic respiration - each pyruvate is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, releasing enough energy to yield a large number of ATP molecules.
Explain what happens when oxygen is absent.
The fermentation pathway yields only the initial 2 ATP
What happens to pyruvate molecules in plant and yeast fermentation?
The pyruvate molecules are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.
What happens to pyruvate molecules in animal cell fermentation?
The pyruvate molecules are converted to lactate.
Where does respiration begin?
The cytoplasm
Where is fermentation completed?
The cytoplasm
Where is aerobic respiration completed?
The mitochondria
What does a respirometer measure?
The rate of respiration
