2.6 Explain common network configuration concepts.

Question 1

An IPv4 will always follow the same format of…

Answer 1

four separate numbers separated with a period between each one of them

Question 2

An IPv4 address is (1)___ long, while IPv6 are (2)___ long.

Answer 2

4bytes

8bytes

Question 3

IPv4 addresses are (1)___ addresses. IPv6 are (2)___ addresses, which means we can have a very large number of available addresses with IPv6.

Answer 3

32-bit

128-bit

Question 4

Instead of using periods or dots to separate the addresses as we do with IP version 4– in IP version 6, we use a (1)___. And the IP version 6 address is represented in (2)___, rather than in decimal.

Answer 4

colon

hexadecimal

Question 5

What are the rules for shortening IPv6 addresses?

Answer 5

If there leading 0s omit them.

If there are two consecutive sections of the address that have 0s, remove all of those 0s and replace them with a double colon.

If there are any remaining sections with only 0s, leave a single 0 in each remaining octet.

Question 6

What are the IPv4 troubleshooting/workstation setup steps?

Answer 6

1) Assign a unique IPv4 address and the subnet mask
2) configure the default gateway.
3) add 2 DNS servers IP address (ipv6 servers for ipv6 resolution)

Question 7

If we look at most IPv6 configurations, the first half or the first 64 bits of the address, are generally referred to as the (1)___. And then the last 64 bits of the address are the (2)___ of the device.

Answer 7

(1) network prefix

(2) node or the network address

Question 8

What is a subnet mask

Answer 8

A subnet mask is used to identify subnetworks so devices can communicate on large networks without broadcasting to every single device on the network.

Question 9

This is a value that’s used by the local device to determine what IP subnet it happens to be on. It’s not a value that’s generally transmitted across the network.

Answer 9

subnet mask

Question 10

This is the IP address of a router that’s on your local subnet. Your workstation won’t be able to communicate outside of its local network if you do not configure it.

Answer 10

default gateway

Question 11

APIPA stands for what, means what?

Answer 11

Automatic Private IP Addressing. It allows devices to communicate on their own subnet if they do not receive a DHCP response, but cannot communicate outside that subnet. (This is known as a link local IP address.)

Question 12

DHCP stands for what, and does what?

Answer 12

Dynamic host configuration protcol. It automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

Question 13

The DHCP process works on a local subnet. But on our network, we have a DHCP server on our local subnet and a DHCP server that is not on our local subnet. To be able to use this DHCP server that’s on a different IP subnet than ours, we need to configure our local router to have a DHCP ___ configured.

Answer 13

relay address

Question 14

what does a DHCP relay address do?

Answer 14

IT tells the router that if it ever sees any requests for DHCP, to also send them to DHCP servers outside of our the local subnet.

It creates DHCP server redundancy.

Question 15

how does the DHCP assignment process work?

Answer 15

1) device sends a broadcast through UDP port 67
2) DHCP servers recieve this request
3) DHCP servers make an offer to that device of an available private IP address.
4) Device requests one of the IP addresses offered to the DHCP through UDP port 67.
5) DHCP server gives formal acknowledgement (permission) over UDP port 68 allowing that device to configure an IP.

Question 16

If you do not want the IP address of a device to be randomized on a network, you must configure ___ on the DHCP server where you can associate the MAC address of this device to a specific IP address

Answer 16

IP reservation

Question 17

If you turn on your computer, and you don’t receive a response from a DHCP server, you might still be able to communicate with other devices on your network. You’re able to do this thanks to ___.

Answer 17

APIPA (automatic private IP addressing)

Question 18

Link local (may be called autoconfiguration) IPv4 addresses always start with what in the first octet?

Answer 18

169

Question 19

This process of assigning an APIPA address is done automatically by the operating system. And before it puts that address onto your workstation, it sends an ___ frame out to the network to make sure that nobody else is using the IP address that it wants to assign to your workstation.

Answer 19

Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP

Question 20

Link local IPv6 addresses always start with what?

Answer 20

fe80, then 0000s

Question 21

___ IP are chosen randomly by DHCP, ___ IP are manually configured and can be associated with a specific MAC address.

Answer 21

dynamic, static

Question 22

___ use a very common protocol, which is TCP/443. This is the same protocol that we use to communicate securely to web servers inside of our browser. This means we can avoid a lot of problems with firewalls by well-used protocol.

Answer 22

SSL VPNs

Question 23

SSL VPNs are commonly used for what?

Answer 23

Confidential end user communication; a secure tunnel between a device and a corporate network.

Question 24

VPN clients can run inside of a browser, or are built into an operating system are often referred to as __, or ___ because you can be anywhere remotely out in the world and be able to communicate securely back to your corporate network.

Answer 24

client-to-site VPNs/remote access VPNs,

Question 25

A ___ is defined as a group of devices that share the same broadcast domain. A network may have multiple ___s by using switches or ___s.

Answer 25

(1) LAN (local area network)

2) VLAN (virtual local area network

Question 26

We often maintain the separation between different ___s for security reasons and to maintain the efficiency of the network. But this also means that we would have to have a separate switch every time we wanted to have a separate broadcast domain. To simplify this, we create a ___, which means that we can have a single switch.

Answer 26

(1) LAN (local area network)

2) VLAN (virtual local area network

Question 27

What is a VLAN?

Answer 27

A single switch operating as if it were multiple.

Question 28

What is a NAT?

Answer 28

Network Address Translation translates one IP address to another.

Question 29

What device is normally configured to use NAT?

Answer 29

routers