2.1 Compare and contrast TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purposes.

Question 1

___ is one of the most popular protocols in use today.

Answer 1

TCP/IP

Question 2

TCP stands for?

Answer 2

Transmission Control Protocol

Question 3

IP stands for?

Answer 3

Internet Protocol

Question 4

What are three common network types designed for TCP/IP?

Answer 4

Ethernet network
cable network
DSL network

Question 5

UDP stands for?

Answer 5

User Datagram Protocol

Question 6

We’re usually on an Ethernet network that is sending data using (1)___, which is using (2)___, which has application data inside of that.

Answer 6

(1) IP

(2) TCP

Question 7

An Ethernet frame has a ___ in the middle of the frame.

Answer 7

Ethernet payload

Question 8

An Ethernet frame has a ___ at the beginning of the frame.

Answer 8

header

Question 9

An Ethernet frame has a ___ at the end of the frame.

Answer 9

trailer

Question 10

An Ethernet payload is made up of a (1)___ which is followed by an (2)___.

Answer 10

(1) IP header

(2) IP payload

Question 11

An IP payload can be broken down into an (1)___, which has its own (2)___.

Answer 11

(1) TCP header

(2) TCP payload

Question 12

What’s inside of that TCP payload is ___.

Answer 12

application data

For example, HTTP data that’s being sent to a web server.

Question 13

What is the nesting structure of a TCP Ethernet frame?

Answer 13

We have ethernet, which has IP. And inside of IP is either TCP or UDP.

……………………….Ethernet Frame:……………………………..
[ header || Ethernet payload || trailer ]

………………………..Ethernet Payload:…………………………..
[ IP header || IP payload ]

………………………….IP Payload:…………………………………….
[ TCP header || TCP payload ]

Question 14

Ethernet is a network type that can transmit data using (1)___ packaged into smaller units called (2)___.

Answer 14

(1) TCP/IP

(2) frames

Question 15

An ___ of protocols is putting one protocol within another within another.

Answer 15

encapsulation

Question 16

What layer of the OSI model do TCP and UDP operate?

Answer 16

Layer 4; transport layer

Question 17

___ involves taking multiple signals and combining them into one signal for transmission over a single medium

Answer 17

multiplexing

Question 18

___ allows us to perform many different functions simultaneously over the same network connection

Answer 18

multiplexing

Question 19

We refer to TCP as a ___ protocol.

Answer 19

connection-oriented protocol

Question 20

Protocols that are ___ have a formal process when you start the communication and a formal process when you end the communication.

Answer 20

connection-oriented

Question 21

If any errors occur during a communication, there’s a process for retransmitting that data to make sure that everything gets through the network without any problems.

Answer 21

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Question 22

UDP is known as a type of ___ protocol.

Answer 22

connectionless protocol

Question 23

A connectionless, non-guaranteed method of communication with no sequencing or flow control.

Answer 23

UDP

Question 24

There’s no formal communication setup and no acknowledgement of data received in ___ protocols.

Answer 24

connectionless

Question 25

UDP and TCP both use ___ to know where to send data.

Answer 25

IP

Question 26

We can send information into a server through IP and we know exactly which service on that server needs to receive that data thanks to ___.

Answer 26

port numbers

Question 27

At the link/physical layer, Ethernet allows nodes to send one another frames of data using MAC addresses. These frames would typically be transporting IP packets. At the network layer, __ provides addressing and routing functionality for a network of networks

Answer 27

IP

Question 28

One of the critical functions of the transport layer is to identify each type of network application. It does this by assigning each application a ___.

Answer 28

port number

Question 29

What is the range of port numbers?

Answer 29

0 - 65535

Question 30

TCP uses NACK, it stands for what? What does it do?

Answer 30

Negative Acknowledgement. It forces retransmission of data if it arrives corrupted.

Question 31

A ___ is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network

Answer 31

socket

Question 32

client/server IP address, a protocol, and a client/server port number all combine to make up what?

Answer 32

IPv4 socket

Question 33

permanent ports are known as

Answer 33

non-ephemeral port numbers

Question 34

Most ports in the range 0-1023 are ___.

Answer 34

non-ephemeral

Question 35

Port numbers that are used only for a single session typically chosen at random by the client are known as

Answer 35

ephemeral port numbers

Question 36

___ are just a way to signify what room that particular data goes to, and there are no hard and fast rules over what ___ an application happens to use.

Answer 36

port numbers

Question 37

The one thing that is important about the port number is that the client that you’re using needs to be able to know the port number that’s open on the server. T or F?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

TCP port numbers are not the same as UDP port numbers

Answer 38

True; There could be an application running on a server using TCP 80. There could be another application on that same server that uses UDP 80, and neither of those applications will be communicating with each other.

Question 39

Service port numbers need to be ___.

Answer 39

well known

Question 40

FTP (file transfer protocol) uses what port?

Answer 40

``` port 21 (control) port 20 (active mode data) ```

Question 41

___ servers use usernames/passwords to authenticate. Some use "anonymous login" where you only need a password.

Answer 41

FTP

Question 42

TCP does have security built in, so you can configure a username and a password that gains access to another system. True or False?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

As it transfers files, FTP provides what could be called ___. You can list the files available on a system. You can add files, delete, rename, and provide other file functions as well.

Answer 43

full featured functionality

Question 44

If your console connection to another device over a network is over an *encrypted* channel, then it’s probably using ___.

Answer 44

SSH (Secure shell)

Question 45

What port does SSH use?

Answer 45

TCP port 22

Question 46

If your console connection to another device over a network is over an *unencrypted* channel, then it’s probably using ___.

Answer 46

Telnet

Question 47

What port does Telnet use?

Answer 47

TCP port 23

Question 48

___ remote connections always uses an encrypted communication link.

Answer 48

SSH

Question 49

Telnet stands for ___, is not secure and use for old devices.

Answer 49

Telecommunication Network

Question 50

TCP port 23

Answer 50

Telnet

Question 51

TCP port 22

Answer 51

SSH

Question 52

TCP port 21

Answer 52

FTP

Question 53

TCP port 25

Answer 53

SMTP

Question 54

SMTP stands for ___. It does what?

Answer 54

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It *sends* emails from devices to servers or between two servers.

Question 55

What port does SMTP use?

Answer 55

TCP port 25

Question 56

If you’re *receiving* email messages, you’re probably using __ or ___.

Answer 56

POP3/IMAP

Question 57

DNS stands for ___. What does it do?

Answer 57

Domain Name System. It converts domain names into IP addresses.

Question 58

UDP port 53

Answer 58

DNS

Question 59

Waht port does DNS communicate over?

Answer 59

UDP port 53

Question 60

If you’re in a web browser and you’re communicating to a web server, then you’re probably using ___ or ___ as those protocols

Answer 60

HTTP/HTTPS

Question 61

HTTP stands for ___. What does it do?

Answer 61

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Provides web server communication.

Question 62

HTTP uses port

Answer 62

TCP port 80

Question 63

HTTPS uses port

Answer 63

TCP port 443

Question 64

TCP port 80

Answer 64

HTTP

Question 65

TCP port 443

Answer 65

HTTPS

Question 66

POP3 is the Post Office Protocol version 3, it uses port

Answer 66

TCP port 110

Question 67

TCP port 110

Answer 67

POP3

Question 68

IMAP is the Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 it uses port

Answer 68

TCP port 143

Question 69

TCP port 143

Answer 69

IMAP

Question 70

(1)___ offers enhanced functionality over (2)___; it allows folders and ability to access mail on mulitple devices.

Answer 70

1) IMAP | 2) POP3

Question 71

If you’ve ever needed to view or take control of someone’s desktop across the network, then you’ve needed to use ___.

Answer 71

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

Question 72

TCP port 3389

Answer 72

RDP

Question 73

RDP uses what port?

Answer 73

TCP port 3389

Question 74

You’ll find that ___ is available on many different Windows servers and allows you to either view the entire desktop of the remote system or view just a single application that’s running on that remote system.

Answer 74

RDP

Question 75

Microsoft Windows doesn’t use FTP to transfer files from one system to another. Instead, it uses its own format to be able to transfer files called ___.

Answer 75

SMB (server message block)

Question 76

SMB (server message block), also known as CIFS (common internet file system) uses what port?

Answer 76

TCP port 445

Question 77

TCP port 445

Answer 77

SMB/CIFS

Question 78

Older Windows systems may use ___ that is inside of a UDP or TCP packet.

Answer 78

NetBIOS

Question 79

UDP ports 137-138, TCP port 139

Answer 79

NetBIOS

Question 80

NetBIOS uses ports

Answer 80

UDP ports 137-138, TCP port 139

Question 81

Modern Windows devices don’t need to parse out these different NetBIOS protocols and put them inside of TCP or UDP. Instead, they can communicate directly over ___.

Answer 81

TCP port 445 via SMB/CIFS

Question 82

Just as Windows has its own protocols for transferring files, Mac OS also has its own protocols for the ___

Answer 82

AFP (Apple filing protocol)

Question 83

TCP port 548

Answer 83

AFP

Question 84

Apple filing protocol uses port

Answer 84

TCP port 548

Question 85

To be able to view the list of available servers, you’re probably going to use the ___ in Mac OS.

Answer 85

SLP (service location protocol)

Question 86

SLP uses port

Answer 86

TCP port 427 and UDP port 427

Question 87

TCP port 427 and UDP port 427

Answer 87

SLP

Question 88

very similar to (1)___ in Windows, (2)___ in Mac OS is also full feature. You have the ability to view the available list of files to copy files, move files, rename files, and more.

Answer 88

(1) SMB | (2) AFP

Question 89

When you turn on your computer for the first time, it automatically configures itself with an IP address. It’s able to do this because it’s using ___.

Answer 89

DHCP

Question 90

DHCP stands for ___. It does what?

Answer 90

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Automatically configures devices for IP network communication.

Question 91

ports UDP 67 and UDP 68

Answer 91

DHCP

Question 92

DHCP uses what ports?

Answer 92

ports UDP 67 and UDP 68

Question 93

___ is a network management protocol used to automate the process of configuring devices on IP networks, thus allowing them to use network services such as DNS, NTP, and any communication protocol based on UDP or TCP.

Answer 93

DHCP

Question 94

How does DHCP work?

Answer 94

Device communicates with DHCP server, obtains lease which assigns private IP address to it. Able to communicate across network until it expires. Device must request lease renewal for continued use, or obtain a new IP address.

Question 95

The DHCP servers can also be configured with ___. This means when a workstation or a server requests an IP address, the server can recognize the MAC address of that device and provide the same IP address to that device every time.

Answer 95

DHCP reservations

Question 96

If you connect to a corporate network for the first time, you’re often asked to provide a username and password. The same thing occurs if you connect through a VPN or if you log into a web server that’s on the network. The process of providing that authentication is usually to a centralized database, and one very common form of database that’s used for this is ___.

Answer 96

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

Question 97

TCP port 389

Answer 97

LDAP

Question 98

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) uses what port?

Answer 98

TCP port 389

Question 99

Network administrators may have tens or hundreds or even thousands of devices they have to manage on a single network. In order to constantly monitor and gather statistics from these devices, these network administrators use a specialized protocol called ___.

Answer 99

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

Question 100

SNMP stands for ___. It is used for what?

Answer 100

Simple Network Management Protocol. It is used to monitor and gather statistics from many devices

Question 101

SNMP queries devices using what port?

Answer 101

UDP port 161

Question 102

UDP port 161

Answer 102

handles SNMP queries sent to devices from server

Question 103

UDP port 162

Answer 103

handles SNMP alarms sent from devices to server

Question 104

SNMP can recieve alarms using what port?

Answer 104

UDP port 162

Question 105

There may be three different versions of SNMP that could be running in an environment. What do each do?

Answer 105

SNMPv1 - unencrypted, sends simple queries to a router. SNMPv2 - unencrypted, could ask many questions at the same time and receive a bulk response. SNMPv3 - almost same as 2 but encrypted and secure.