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My A+ part 1 > 2.1 Compare and contrast TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purposes. > Flashcards

2.1 Compare and contrast TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purposes. Flashcards

1
Q

___ is one of the most popular protocols in use today.

A

TCP/IP

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2
Q

TCP stands for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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3
Q

IP stands for?

A

Internet Protocol

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4
Q

What are three common network types designed for TCP/IP?

A

Ethernet network
cable network
DSL network

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5
Q

UDP stands for?

A

User Datagram Protocol

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6
Q

We’re usually on an Ethernet network that is sending data using (1)___, which is using (2)___, which has application data inside of that.

A

(1) IP

(2) TCP

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7
Q

An Ethernet frame has a ___ in the middle of the frame.

A

Ethernet payload

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8
Q

An Ethernet frame has a ___ at the beginning of the frame.

A

header

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9
Q

An Ethernet frame has a ___ at the end of the frame.

A

trailer

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10
Q

An Ethernet payload is made up of a (1)___ which is followed by an (2)___.

A

(1) IP header

(2) IP payload

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11
Q

An IP payload can be broken down into an (1)___, which has its own (2)___.

A

(1) TCP header

(2) TCP payload

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12
Q

What’s inside of that TCP payload is ___.

A

application data

For example, HTTP data that’s being sent to a web server.

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13
Q

What is the nesting structure of a TCP Ethernet frame?

A

We have ethernet, which has IP. And inside of IP is either TCP or UDP.

……………………….Ethernet Frame:……………………………..
[ header || Ethernet payload || trailer ]

………………………..Ethernet Payload:…………………………..
[ IP header || IP payload ]

………………………….IP Payload:…………………………………….
[ TCP header || TCP payload ]

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14
Q

Ethernet is a network type that can transmit data using (1)___ packaged into smaller units called (2)___.

A

(1) TCP/IP

(2) frames

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15
Q

An ___ of protocols is putting one protocol within another within another.

A

encapsulation

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16
Q

What layer of the OSI model do TCP and UDP operate?

A

Layer 4; transport layer

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17
Q

___ involves taking multiple signals and combining them into one signal for transmission over a single medium

A

multiplexing

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18
Q

___ allows us to perform many different functions simultaneously over the same network connection

A

multiplexing

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19
Q

We refer to TCP as a ___ protocol.

A

connection-oriented protocol

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20
Q

Protocols that are ___ have a formal process when you start the communication and a formal process when you end the communication.

A

connection-oriented

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21
Q

If any errors occur during a communication, there’s a process for retransmitting that data to make sure that everything gets through the network without any problems.

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

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22
Q

UDP is known as a type of ___ protocol.

A

connectionless protocol

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23
Q

A connectionless, non-guaranteed method of communication with no sequencing or flow control.

A

UDP

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24
Q

There’s no formal communication setup and no acknowledgement of data received in ___ protocols.

A

connectionless

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25
Q

UDP and TCP both use ___ to know where to send data.

A

IP

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26
Q

We can send information into a server through IP and we know exactly which service on that server needs to receive that data thanks to ___.

A

port numbers

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27
Q

At the link/physical layer, Ethernet allows nodes to send one another frames of data using MAC addresses. These frames would typically be transporting IP packets. At the network layer, __ provides addressing and routing functionality for a network of networks

A

IP

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28
Q

One of the critical functions of the transport layer is to identify each type of network application. It does this by assigning each application a ___.

A

port number

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29
Q

What is the range of port numbers?

A

0 - 65535

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30
Q

TCP uses NACK, it stands for what? What does it do?

A

Negative Acknowledgement. It forces retransmission of data if it arrives corrupted.

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31
Q

A ___ is one endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network

A

socket

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32
Q

client/server IP address, a protocol, and a client/server port number all combine to make up what?

A

IPv4 socket

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33
Q

permanent ports are known as

A

non-ephemeral port numbers

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34
Q

Most ports in the range 0-1023 are ___.

A

non-ephemeral

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35
Q

Port numbers that are used only for a single session typically chosen at random by the client are known as

A

ephemeral port numbers

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36
Q

___ are just a way to signify what room that particular data goes to, and there are no hard and fast rules over what ___ an application happens to use.

A

port numbers

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37
Q

The one thing that is important about the port number is that the client that you’re using needs to be able to know the port number that’s open on the server.

T or F?

A

True

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38
Q

TCP port numbers are not the same as UDP port numbers

A

True; There could be an application running on a server using TCP 80. There could be another application on that same server that uses UDP 80, and neither of those applications will be communicating with each other.

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39
Q

Service port numbers need to be ___.

A

well known

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40
Q

FTP (file transfer protocol) uses what port?

A 
port 21 (control) 
port 20 (active mode data)
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41
Q

___ servers use usernames/passwords to authenticate. Some use “anonymous login” where you only need a password.

A

FTP

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42
Q

TCP does have security built in, so you can configure a username and a password that gains access to another system.
True or False?

A

True

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43
Q

As it transfers files, FTP provides what could be called ___. You can list the files available on a system. You can add files, delete, rename, and provide other file functions as well.

A

full featured functionality

44
Q

If your console connection to another device over a network is over an encrypted channel, then it’s probably using ___.

A

SSH (Secure shell)

45
Q

What port does SSH use?

A

TCP port 22

46
Q

If your console connection to another device over a network is over an unencrypted channel, then it’s probably using ___.

A

Telnet

47
Q

What port does Telnet use?

A

TCP port 23

48
Q

___ remote connections always uses an encrypted communication link.

A

SSH

49
Q

Telnet stands for ___, is not secure and use for old devices.

A

Telecommunication Network

50
Q

TCP port 23

A

Telnet

51
Q

TCP port 22

A

SSH

52
Q

TCP port 21

A

FTP

53
Q

TCP port 25

A

SMTP

54
Q

SMTP stands for ___. It does what?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It sends emails from devices to servers or between two servers.

55
Q

What port does SMTP use?

A

TCP port 25

56
Q

If you’re receiving email messages, you’re probably using __ or ___.

A

POP3/IMAP

57
Q

DNS stands for ___. What does it do?

A

Domain Name System. It converts domain names into IP addresses.

58
Q

UDP port 53

A

DNS

59
Q

Waht port does DNS communicate over?

A

UDP port 53

60
Q

If you’re in a web browser and you’re communicating to a web server, then you’re probably using ___ or ___ as those protocols

A

HTTP/HTTPS

61
Q

HTTP stands for ___. What does it do?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Provides web server communication.

62
Q

HTTP uses port

A

TCP port 80

63
Q

HTTPS uses port

A

TCP port 443

64
Q

TCP port 80

A

HTTP

65
Q

TCP port 443

A

HTTPS

66
Q

POP3 is the Post Office Protocol version 3, it uses port

A

TCP port 110

67
Q

TCP port 110

A

POP3

68
Q

IMAP is the Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 it uses port

A

TCP port 143

69
Q

TCP port 143

A

IMAP

70
Q

(1)___ offers enhanced functionality over (2)___; it allows folders and ability to access mail on mulitple devices.

A

1) IMAP

2) POP3

71
Q

If you’ve ever needed to view or take control of someone’s desktop across the network, then you’ve needed to use ___.

A

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

72
Q

TCP port 3389

A

RDP

73
Q

RDP uses what port?

A

TCP port 3389

74
Q

You’ll find that ___ is available on many different Windows servers and allows you to either view the entire desktop of the remote system or view just a single application that’s running on that remote system.

A

RDP

75
Q

Microsoft Windows doesn’t use FTP to transfer files from one system to another. Instead, it uses its own format to be able to transfer files called ___.

A

SMB (server message block)

76
Q

SMB (server message block), also known as CIFS (common internet file system) uses what port?

A

TCP port 445

77
Q

TCP port 445

A

SMB/CIFS

78
Q

Older Windows systems may use ___ that is inside of a UDP or TCP packet.

A

NetBIOS

79
Q

UDP ports 137-138, TCP port 139

A

NetBIOS

80
Q

NetBIOS uses ports

A

UDP ports 137-138, TCP port 139

81
Q

Modern Windows devices don’t need to parse out these different NetBIOS protocols and put them inside of TCP or UDP. Instead, they can communicate directly over ___.

A

TCP port 445 via SMB/CIFS

82
Q

Just as Windows has its own protocols for transferring files, Mac OS also has its own protocols for the ___

A

AFP (Apple filing protocol)

83
Q

TCP port 548

A

AFP

84
Q

Apple filing protocol uses port

A

TCP port 548

85
Q

To be able to view the list of available servers, you’re probably going to use the ___ in Mac OS.

A

SLP (service location protocol)

86
Q

SLP uses port

A

TCP port 427 and UDP port 427

87
Q

TCP port 427 and UDP port 427

A

SLP

88
Q

very similar to (1)___ in Windows, (2)___ in Mac OS is also full feature. You have the ability to view the available list of files to copy files, move files, rename files, and more.

A

(1) SMB

(2) AFP

89
Q

When you turn on your computer for the first time, it automatically configures itself with an IP address. It’s able to do this because it’s using ___.

A

DHCP

90
Q

DHCP stands for ___. It does what?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Automatically configures devices for IP network communication.

91
Q

ports UDP 67 and UDP 68

A

DHCP

92
Q

DHCP uses what ports?

A

ports UDP 67 and UDP 68

93
Q

___ is a network management protocol used to automate the process of configuring devices on IP networks, thus allowing them to use network services such as DNS, NTP, and any communication protocol based on UDP or TCP.

A

DHCP

94
Q

How does DHCP work?

A

Device communicates with DHCP server, obtains lease which assigns private IP address to it.

Able to communicate across network until it expires.

Device must request lease renewal for continued use, or obtain a new IP address.

95
Q

The DHCP servers can also be configured with ___. This means when a workstation or a server requests an IP address, the server can recognize the MAC address of that device and provide the same IP address to that device every time.

A

DHCP reservations

96
Q

If you connect to a corporate network for the first time, you’re often asked to provide a username and password. The same thing occurs if you connect through a VPN or if you log into a web server that’s on the network. The process of providing that authentication is usually to a centralized database, and one very common form of database that’s used for this is ___.

A

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

97
Q

TCP port 389

A

LDAP

98
Q

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) uses what port?

A

TCP port 389

99
Q

Network administrators may have tens or hundreds or even thousands of devices they have to manage on a single network. In order to constantly monitor and gather statistics from these devices, these network administrators use a specialized protocol called ___.

A

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

100
Q

SNMP stands for ___. It is used for what?

A

Simple Network Management Protocol. It is used to monitor and gather statistics from many devices

101
Q

SNMP queries devices using what port?

A

UDP port 161

102
Q

UDP port 161

A

handles SNMP queries sent to devices from server

103
Q

UDP port 162

A

handles SNMP alarms sent from devices to server

104
Q

SNMP can recieve alarms using what port?

A

UDP port 162

105
Q

There may be three different versions of SNMP that could be running in an environment. What do each do?

A

SNMPv1 - unencrypted, sends simple queries to a router.

SNMPv2 - unencrypted, could ask many questions at the same time and receive a bulk response.

SNMPv3 - almost same as 2 but encrypted and secure.

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