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My A+ part 1 > 2.2 Compare and contrast common networking hardware devices > Flashcards

2.2 Compare and contrast common networking hardware devices Flashcards

1
Q

If you are connecting a device to a network, whether it’s a wired network or a wireless network, it needs some type of hardware to be able to make that connection. We call this piece of hardware a ___.

A

Network Interface Card, or a NIC

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2
Q

You will find a ___ inside of your printers and your servers and your laptops and your workstations and anything that needs connectivity to a network. The ____ that you’ll be using will be specific to the type of network you’re connecting to.

A

NIC (network interface card)

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3
Q

if you have an ethernet network, then you will need an ethernet ___. If you have a wireless network, you will need a wireless ___. And if you are connecting to multiple types of network, you will need multiple types of ___s inside of your device.

A

NIC

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4
Q

Many ___ have a network interface card built into the ___ itself.

A

motherboards

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5
Q

If you’ve ever had to extend a network connection over a very long distance, you know there is a maximum link that is supported for that particular ___.

A

topology

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6
Q

A ___ is used to extend a network link to be larger than normally allowed by its topology.

A

repeater

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7
Q

A ___ receives a signal, regenerates it, and then resends that signal out another interface.

A

repeater

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8
Q

Does a repeater have to make any forwarding decisions? And does it have to decide which connection data is going to?

T/F?

A

False. A repeater simply goes in one connection and goes out of another connection.

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9
Q

It’s very common to use bridges, hubs, and repeaters to extend the length of a network, what other thing can they do for physical networks?

A

Repeaters can convert signals from one cable type to another. For example, Ethernet over fiber to Ethernet over copper.

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10
Q

In the early days of networking, if you had to connect a lot of different devices together, you might use something like a ___.

A

hub

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11
Q

The way that hubs operate is that information sent to one interface on a hub is automatically repeated to every other interface on this hub. For this reason they may be called a ___.

A

multi-port repeater

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12
Q

What makes repeaters and hubs different?

A

Repeaters only repeat a given signal to a single interface at a time, while hubs repeat a given signal to all other interfaces simultaneously.

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13
Q

The communications process on a hub occurs at ___ because its repeating functionality. This means that two devices can’t communicate at the same time on a hub.

A

half-duplex

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14
Q

What does “half-duplex” mean about a communication?

A

You can only have one device sending traffic at a given time. Once that device is done, another device can then begin sending information.

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15
Q

Ethernet hubs only operate at __ megabits per second or __ megabits per second.

A

10, 100

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16
Q

If you don’t have a lot of devices on the network communicating to each other, half-duplex functionality is just fine.
T/F?

A

True; But as more devices begin communicating, the efficiency of the network begins to decrease.

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17
Q

In early networks where we used hubs to connect all of our devices, we would connect the hub networks together by using a ___.

A

bridge

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18
Q

The same type of forwarding decision made by bridges is used by today’s modern ___.

A

switches

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19
Q

A ____ is a repeater, with add on the functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of a frame’s source and destination.

A

bridge

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20
Q

A good example of a modern version of a bridge would be a ___ where you have a wireless network on one side, and on the other side, it’s connecting to your wired Ethernet network.

A

WAP (Wireless Access Point)

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21
Q

These days, we’ve extended this idea of bridging into very large scale systems that have hundreds of ports on them or are making these forwarding decisions in the hardware of these devices. We call these newer style bridges ___.

A

switches

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22
Q

More modern bridges that are able to support very large scale technology.

A

switch

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23
Q

How do bridges and switches operate?

A

They look at the destination MAC address in frames, and it’s sending information to the appropriate interface on that switch.

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24
Q

Switches are able to make forwarding decisions very fast across hundreds of different interfaces by performing switching look ups in hardware. This switching hardware is an ___.

A

(Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)

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25
Q

This hardware switching that allows us to scale this up to hundreds of interfaces on a single switch.

A

ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)

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26
Q

If a device is making its forwarding decision based on the destination IP address of the traffic, then that is a ___.

A

router

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27
Q

If a device is making its forwarding decision based on the destination MAC address of the traffic, then that is a

A

switch/bridge

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28
Q

There are some switches that allow you to have both switching functionality and routing functionality within the same device. We refer to these as ___.

A

multi-layer switches or layer 3 switches

29
Q

A device that can look at both the destination MAC address and IP address of a frame is a ___.

A

multi-layer switch

30
Q

If you’re installing a network switch and you only need very basic functionality at a low price, then you’ll probably want to use an ___ switch.

A

unmanaged switch

31
Q

Unmanaged switches have what advantage?

A

Very easy to set up. You simply connect all of the devices, and they would all communicate across the same virtual LAN.

32
Q

What is a disadvantage of unmanaged switches?

A

Cannot support certain protocols such as relaying network diagnostics with SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

33
Q

Many organizations need additional functionality in their switches. And in those cases, they would purchase and install a switch.

A

managed

34
Q

Managed switches have what advantages?

A

Wide range of configuration options such as SNMP.

Traffic prioritization

Can connect multiple managed switches together in a trunk.

redundancy support

35
Q

A device that can link multiple switches, or switches to a router, or a switch to a server is known as a (1)___ through (2)___ protocol.

A

(1) trunk

(2) 802.1Q

36
Q

A network management station can communicate to managed switches using a specialized protocol called ___.

A

Simple Network Management Protocol, or SNMP

37
Q

For people that need to do troubleshooting on the switch, you can set up ___, so traffic can be ___ from one port to another.

A

port mirrors, mirrored

38
Q

Port mirrors allow you to do what?

A

They allow you to copy traffic from any port on that switch to watch the traffic flows across the network if you connect a network analyzer.

39
Q

A router is a…

A

device that makes forwarding decisions based on a destination IP address. Usually standalone devices, but sometimes can also be integrated into a multi-layer switch.

40
Q

You can connect a serial WAN link, an Ethernet copper connection, and an Ethernet fiber connection all on the same router.

T/F?

A

True

41
Q

It’s very common to use routers to connect different types of topologies like switches.

T/F?

A

True

42
Q

What are the differences between a WAP and wireless router?

A

A wireless router is a WAP and a router combined.

Wireless routers can use both MAC and IP addresses to make forwarding decisions while a WAP uses only MAC addresses.

A WAP is a kind of bridge that extends a wired network onto a wireless one.

43
Q

A ___ simply extends a wired network onto a wireless network and allowing connectivity between those topologies.

A

WAP

44
Q

A wireless access point is making its decision based on the destination MAC address. Therefore, it’s acting also as a ___.

A

Bridge

45
Q

If you walk around a large facility such as a hospital or a university, you’ll notice there are a large number of wireless access points as you move from building to building. And of course, someone has to manage all of these wireless access points on the network. To be able to centralize this management, these organizations use a ___.

A

wireless LAN controller

46
Q

A wireless LAN controller allows what?

A

It allows you to have a central management console to be able to manage hundreds of wireless access points wherever they happen to be on your network.

47
Q

Wireless LAN controllers are typically ___ . (like Lightning is for Apple products.)

A

Proprietary

48
Q

A physical device can be used for a wireless LAN controller, but there is some wireless LAN control software that runs in the ___.

A

cloud

49
Q

Many organizations use ___ to be able to manage the control of traffic flows through their network, especially traffic flows that are going to or coming from the internet.

A

firewalls

50
Q

A traditional firewall allows you to filter information based on the (1)___ or the (2)___. You may sometimes see this referred to as (3)___. But modern firewalls are able to examine the application that’s in use.

A

(1) UDP port number
(2) TCP port number
(3) OSI layer 4 filtering

51
Q

A security administrator can tell a firewall to allow database transactions but prevent file transfers through the network.

T/F?

A

True

52
Q

Many firewalls also rely you to create ___ to and from that firewall. So if you’re off site, you still need connectivity to the corporate network, you can connect over a secure channel to the corporate firewall and then be able to communicate to your internal resources.

A

encrypted tunnels/VPN

53
Q

It’s common to see many firewalls used as a router or proxy

T/F?

A

True; These firewalls are able to also sit on the edge of the network and be able to do any type of routing or network address translation based on the routing engine inside of the firewall.

54
Q

A common network device on both home and corporate networks are ___. These allow you to connect to a broadband network, usually provided by a cable television company, that is sending data across the network using a standard called DOCSIS.

A

cable modems

55
Q

DOCSIS stands for what, and what does it mean?

A

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification. A method of sending data across the network using TV cables.

56
Q

For both home and business networking, ___ is a viable competitor to the cable modem networks.

A

DSL/ADSL

57
Q

DSL stands for what? what does it do?

A

Digital Subscriber Line. A DSL network uses the same wire used for telephones to provide internet access. Is asymmetric (slower upload speed than its download speed).

58
Q

One challenge we find with DSL is…

A

distance; the maximum distance you would be able to get on DSL is somewhere around 10,000 feet.

59
Q

A ___ is a piece of hardware with multiple ports that helps organize a group of cables. Each of these ports contains a wire that goes to a different location.

A

patch panel

60
Q

What does a patch panel do?

A

I helps organize cables to allow for easier network management. Can easily change what network or switch a particular device is connected to by moving patch cables one time.

61
Q

Traditionally if you were installing a wireless access point, there would usually be two connections for that wireless access point one for network connectivity, one for power. Today, we’re providing that power over the ethernet cable itself. We call this ___.

A

Power over Ethernet, or PoE.

62
Q

The power that we have on a ___ connection is often coming directly from the switch. Wireless access points, telephones, and security cameras make use of this.

A

PoE

63
Q

In some cases, you may need to install a device that requires a PoE connection, but your switch does not provide any power. In those cases, you can put a device in the middle, like a ___, which adds power to the ethernet connection so that you can then power that device.

A

PoE injector

64
Q

What does PoE do?

A

Power over Ethernet allows us to power device using our Ethernet cables.

65
Q

___ extends an Ethernet network using the power cables that we already have in our home.

A

Ethernet over Power, or EoP

66
Q

EoP may also be referred to as ___, it’s an IEEE standard numbered 1901.

A

PLC or Power Line Communication.

67
Q

The fundamental network device. Everything that can connect has one.

A

NIC

68
Q

Asymmetric communication means?

A

Download and upload speeds are not the same.

My A+ part 1 (45 decks)

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