26 Flashcards
What is the main function of Th2 cells?
What cytokines do they produce?
Activate B cells
Produce IL2,3,5,10
What nerve is damaged?
- decreased plantar flexion
- numbness over the back of the calf
Tibial nerve
Chemotactic agents for leukocytes
IL8
Leukotriene B4
C5a
Kallikrein
Risk factors for hepatitis (4)
IV drugs, alcohol, poor sanitation, travel
Symptoms of viral hepatitis
Can be asymptomatic but can also have: RUQ pain HSmegaly Jaundice Flu like symptoms
Labs assc with hepatitis?
How do you distinguish from alcoholic cirrhosis?
^AST, ALT
^ bilirubin
^ alk phos
**Note: similar in alcoholic cirrhosis but AST is preferentially elevated more than ALT. Cause alcoholics love to have:
A Scotch & Tonic
Autoimmune hep type 1 & 2– what Antibodies are present?
1- ANA, anti SM Ab
2- anti-liver-kidney microsomal Ab
3- anti-liver cytosol Ab
Hep viruses are mainly ssRNA….which one breaks that rule?
HepB is DSDNA
Which hep strands have fecal/oral spread
Hep: A, E
Which hep strands have vaccines?
A & B
….also note that B vaccine will prevent D infection because D infection requires the presence of HepB
Which hep strands cause chronic/carrier states?
B & C
How are Hep B,C,D spread?
Sexual, transplacental, IV
Special consideration: HepD infectivity?
Hep DEEEEE IS DEEEFECTIVE!!
It’s genome is incomplete.
It only infects in the presence of HepB
Two treatments for HepB?
Ribaviron
INF
What are the significance of HBSAg and Ab?
HbS “S”earches for active disease.
The antigen means there IS active disease! Think about it. The Ag is PART of the virus.
The Ab means disease is NOT ACTIVE but was present at one time….only positive in vaccinated patients OR recovered patients.
