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Physiology > 25.3 The Stomach > Flashcards

25.3 The Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

stomach

A

muscular sac in the upper left abdominal cavity inferior to the diaphragm; food storage organ; engages in mechanical and chemical digestion

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2
Q

chyme

A

acidic paste of semidigested food produced in the stomach

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3
Q

cardia

A

area of the stomach near the cardial orifice

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4
Q

fundus

A

the dome of the stomach superior to the esophageal attachment

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5
Q

body of the stomach

A

part of the stomach distal to the cardial orifice

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6
Q

pyloric part of the stomach

A

narrower pouch at the inferior end of the stomach

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7
Q

antrum

A

funnel of the pyloric part

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8
Q

pyloric canal

A

narrower part of the pyloric part

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9
Q

pylorus

A

narrow passage into the duodenum

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10
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

a thick ring of smooth muscle that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum

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11
Q

gastric rugae

A

longitudinal wrinkles in the stomach that form when it empties

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12
Q

muscularis externa

A

three layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique

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13
Q

gastric pits

A

depressions in the gastric mucosa lined with the same columnar epithelium as the surface

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14
Q

gastric, cardial, and pyloric glands

A

tubular glands that open into the bottom of each gastric pit; composed of mucous cells, regenerative (stem) cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells

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15
Q

mucous cells

A

cells that secrete mucus

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16
Q

regenerative (stem) cells

A

cells that produce a continual supply of new cells

17
Q

parietal cells

A

cells that secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin

18
Q

chief cells

A

cells that secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen

19
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

cells that secrete hormones and paracrine messengers that regulate digestion

20
Q

gastric juice

A

mixture of water, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin produced by the gastric glands

Physiology (15 decks)

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