25.3 The Stomach Flashcards
stomach
muscular sac in the upper left abdominal cavity inferior to the diaphragm; food storage organ; engages in mechanical and chemical digestion
chyme
acidic paste of semidigested food produced in the stomach
cardia
area of the stomach near the cardial orifice
fundus
the dome of the stomach superior to the esophageal attachment
body of the stomach
part of the stomach distal to the cardial orifice
pyloric part of the stomach
narrower pouch at the inferior end of the stomach
antrum
funnel of the pyloric part
pyloric canal
narrower part of the pyloric part
pylorus
narrow passage into the duodenum
pyloric sphincter
a thick ring of smooth muscle that regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum
gastric rugae
longitudinal wrinkles in the stomach that form when it empties
muscularis externa
three layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique
gastric pits
depressions in the gastric mucosa lined with the same columnar epithelium as the surface
gastric, cardial, and pyloric glands
tubular glands that open into the bottom of each gastric pit; composed of mucous cells, regenerative (stem) cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells
mucous cells
cells that secrete mucus
regenerative (stem) cells
cells that produce a continual supply of new cells
parietal cells
cells that secrete hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin
chief cells
cells that secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen
enteroendocrine cells
cells that secrete hormones and paracrine messengers that regulate digestion
gastric juice
mixture of water, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin produced by the gastric glands
