19.5 Blood Flow, Heart Sounds, and the Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

cardiac cycle

Answer 1

one complete contraction and relaxation of all four heart chambers

Question 2

pressure

Answer 2

a force that impels a fluid to move

Question 3

resistance

Answer 3

a force that opposes flow

Question 4

manometer

Answer 4

a device that measures pressure

Question 5

sphygmomanometer

Answer 5

blood pressure cuff

Question 6

pressure gradient

Answer 6

difference in pressure between one point and another

Question 7

valvular insufficiency (incompetence)

Answer 7

failure of a valve to prevent reflux

Question 8

valvular stenosis

Answer 8

form of valvular insufficiency in which the cusps are stiffened and the opening is constricted by scar tissue

Question 9

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Answer 9

form of valvular insufficiency in which one or both mitral valve cusps bulge into the atrium during ventricular contraction

Question 10

auscultation

Answer 10

listening to sounds made by the body

Question 11

Wiggers diagram

Answer 11

chart that shows the major events that occur simultaneously at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle

Question 12

stroke volume

Answer 12

The volume of blood ejected by one ventricle of the heart in one contraction

Question 13

quiescent period

Answer 13

the period in which all four chambers are in diastole

Question 14

ascites

Answer 14

pooling of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Question 15

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 15

fluid accumulation in either circuit due to insufficiency of ventricular pumping