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Physiology > 25.2 The Mouth through Esophagus > Flashcards

25.2 The Mouth through Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

oral fissure

A

the mouth’s anterior opening between the lips

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2
Q

fauces

A

the mouth’s posterior opening into the throat

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3
Q

labial frenulum

A

a median fold that attaches each lip to the gums

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4
Q

vestibule

A

the space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth

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5
Q

bolus

A

a soft mass of chewed food that is easy to swallow

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6
Q

body of the tongue

A

anterior two-thirds of the tongue

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7
Q

root of the tongue

A

posterior one-third of the tongue

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8
Q

cutaneous area of the lips

A

has hair follicles and sebaceous glands; where a mustache grows

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9
Q

red area (vermilion) of the lips

A

hairless region; where lipstick is applied

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10
Q

labial mucosa

A

inner surface of the lip, facing the gums and teeth

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11
Q

labial glands

A

glands in the labial mucosa that contribute to saliva production

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12
Q

bolus

A

small mass of chewed food that is easy to swallow

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13
Q

lingual papillae

A

bumps and projections on the tongue that are the site of most taste buds

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14
Q

body of the tongue

A

anterior two-thirds of the tongue; occupies the oral cavity

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15
Q

root of the tongue

A

posterior one-third of the tongue; occupies the oropharynx

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16
Q

vallate papillae

A

bumps and projections marking the boundary between the body and root of the tongue

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17
Q

intrinsic muscles

A

muscles contained entirely within the tongue, used for speech

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18
Q

extrinsic muscles

A

muscles arising from attachments outside the tongue, used for food manipulation; genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus

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19
Q

lingual glands

A

serous and mucous glands in the tongue that secrete a portion of the saliva

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20
Q

lingual tonsils

A

tonsils contained in the root of the tongue

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21
Q

palate

A

separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity, making it possible to breathe while chewing food

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22
Q

hard (bony) palate

A

anterior portion of the palate, supported by the palatine processes of the maxillae and by the smaller palatine bones

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23
Q

soft palate

A

posterior portion of the palate, composed mainly of skeletal muscle and glandular tissue

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24
Q

uvula

A

conical medial projection at the rear of the mouth that helps retain food in the mouth until one is ready to swallow

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25
palatoglossal arch
anterior muscular arch at the rear of the mouth
26
palatopharyngeal arch
posterior muscular arch at the rear of the mouth; marks the beginning of the pharynx
27
dentition
the teeth
28
incisors
anterior, chisel-like cutting teeth
29
canines
pointed teeth for puncturing and shredding
30
premolars and molars
teeth with broad, lumpy surfaces for crushing, shredding, and grinding
31
alveolus
a tooth socket
32
gomphosis
a joint between tooth and bone
33
periodontal ligament
a modified periosteum lining the alveolus whose collagen fibers penetrate into the bone on one side and into the tooth on the other; innervated by proprioceptive nerve fibers
34
gingiva
the gum, which covers the alveolar bone
35
crown
the portion of the tooth that rises above the gum attachment
36
root
the portion of the tooth below the gum
37
neck
the point where the crown, root, and gum meet
38
gingival sulcus
the space between the tooth and gum
39
plaque
a sticky residue on the teeth formed by bacteria and sugars
40
dental caries
eroded cavities of the tooth
41
calculus (tartar)
calcified plaque
42
gingivitis
gum inflammation
43
periodontal disease
dissolution of the alveolar bone caused by the spread of bacteria from the gingival sulcus into the alveolar bone
44
dentin
hard, yellowish tissue composing most of the tooth
45
enamel
secretion that covers the crown of the tooth
46
cement
living tissue in the root of the tooth
47
cementocytes
cells of the cement
48
odontoblasts
cells of the dentin
49
pulp cavity
space in the crown occupied by pulp
50
root canal
space in the lower root occupied by pulp
51
pulp
a mass of loose connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves
52
apical foramen
a pore at the basal end of each root canal through which nerves and blood and lymphatic vessels enter the tooth
53
occlusion
meeting of the teeth when the mouth closes
54
occlusal surfaces
surfaces where the teeth meet when the mouth closes
55
cusps
rounded bumps on the occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars
56
mastication
chewing
57
saliva
a hypotonic solution of mucus, electrolytes, lysozome, immunoglobulin A, salivary amylase, and lingual lipase
58
lysozome
an enzyme that kills bacteria
59
immunoglobulin A (IgA)
an antibacterial antibody
60
salivary amylase
an enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth
61
lingual lipase
an enzyme that begins fat digestion in the mouth
62
intrinsic (minor) salivary glands
lingual, labial, palatine, and buccal glands; secrete small amount of saliva at relatively constant rate
63
extrinsic (major) salivary glands
parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands; compound tubuloacinar glands; secrete saliva in response to food in the mouth
64
salivatory nuclei
nuclei in the brainstem that control salivation and from which parasympathetic nerve fibers originate; respond to feel, flavor, aroma, sight, and thought of food
65
pharynx
a muscular funnel that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus and the nasal cavity to the larynx
66
pharyngeal constrictors
divisions of the circular skeletal muscle that force food downward during swallowing
67
upper esophageal sphincter
inferior pharyngeal constrictor, which remains contracted when food is not being swallowed in order to exclude air from the esophagus; physiological, not anatomical, sphincter
68
esophagus
a straight muscular tube from C7 to T7
69
cardial orifice
opening of the esophagus into the stomach
70
lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
a constriction that causes food to pause at the cardial orifice before entering the stomach
71
esophageal glands
glands that secrete lubricating mucus into the lumen of the esophagus
72
deglutition
swallowing; involves 22 muscles
73
swallowing center
a pair of nuclei in the medulla oblongata that coordinate swallowing
74
oral phase of swallowing
voluntary, forms a bolus to swallow
75
pharyngeal phase of swallowing
involutary, prevent choking and drives bolus downward into the esophagus
76
esophageal phase of swallowing
a wave of peristalsis, controlled by the swallowing center and myenteric plexus

Physiology (15 decks)

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