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Physiology > 19.1 & 19.2 Overview of the Cardiovascular System & Gross Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

19.1 & 19.2 Overview of the Cardiovascular System & Gross Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

cardiovascular system

A

An organ system consisting of the heart and blood vessels, serving for the transport of blood. Compare circulatory system.

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2
Q

circulatory system

A

An organ system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

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3
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

A route of blood flow that supplies blood to the pulmonary alveoli for gas exchange and then returns it to the heart; all blood vessels between the right ventricle and the left atrium of the heart.

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4
Q

systemic circuit

A

All blood vessels that convey blood from the left ventricle to all organs of the body and back to the right atrium of the heart; all of the cardiovascular system except the heart and pulmonary circuit.

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5
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

A large artery that divides into right and left pulmonary arteries.

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6
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

Arteries that transport blood to the alveoli of the lungs, where carbon dioxide is unloaded and oxygen is picked up.

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7
Q

pulmonary veins

A

Veins that transport oxygen-rich blood from the alveoli of the lungs to the left side of the heart.

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8
Q

aorta

A

A large artery by way of which blood leaves the left side of the heart.

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9
Q

aortic arch

A

An arched part of the aortic that gives off arteries that supply the head, neck, and upper limbs.

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10
Q

superior vena cava

A

A large vein that drains the upper body.

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11
Q

inferior vena cava

A

A large vein that drains all of the parts of the body below the diaphragm.

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12
Q

great vessels (great arteries and veins)

A

The major arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart.

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13
Q

mediastinum

A

The thick median partition of the thoracic cavity that separates one pleural cavity from the other and contains the heart, great blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus.

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14
Q

base

A

The broad, superior part of the heart, where the great vessels are attached.

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15
Q

apex

A

The bluntly pointed, inferior part of the heart, located just above the diaphragm.

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16
Q

pericardium

A

The double-walled sac in which the heart is enclosed.

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17
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

The outer wall of the pericardium, which consists of a tough, fibrous sac, surrounds the heart but is not attached to it, and is anchored to the diaphragm and sternum.

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18
Q

serous pericardium

A

A thin membrane deep to the fibrous pericardium consisting of two layers: the parietal and the visceral

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19
Q

parietal layer of the serous pericardium

A

A layer of the serous pericardium that lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium.

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20
Q

visceral layer of the serous pericardium (epicardium)

A

A layer of the serous pericardium that adheres to the heart surface and forms the outermost layer of the heart itself (the epicardium)

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21
Q

pericardial cavity

A

The space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium that enfolds the heart

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22
Q

pericardial fluid

A

fluid in the pericardial cavity (5 to 30 mL) that is exuded by the serous pericardium to lubricate the membranes and allow the heart to beat with minimal friction

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23
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium, in which the membranes may become roughened and produce a painful friction rub with each heartbeat

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24
Q

endocardium

A

A layer of the heart that lines the interior of the heart chambers, covers the valve surfaces, and is continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels

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25
myocardium
The middle, muscular layer of the heart.
26
vortex of the heart
bundles of myocardial muscle that spiral around the heart
27
cardiomyocytes
cardiac muscle cells
28
fibrous skeleton
the heart's framework of collagenous and elastic fibers, which (1) provides structural support for the heart, (2) anchors the cardiomyocytes, (3) serves as electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles, and (4) possibly aids in refilling the heart with blood after each beat
29
atria
the superior chambers of the heart, which receive blood returning to the heart by way of the great veins
30
auricle
an earlike flap on the atrium that slightly increases its volume
31
interatrial septum
a wall separating the atria from one another
32
pectinate muscles
internal ridges of myocardium on the right atrium and both auricles
33
ventricles
the inferior chambers of the heart, which eject blood into the arteries and keep it flowing around the body
34
interventricular septum
a thick muscle wall that separates the ventricles from one another
35
trabeculae carneae
internal ridges in the ventricles that may serve to keep the ventricular walls from clinging to each other like suction cups when the hearts contract
36
sulci
grooves on the surface of the heart filled by fat and the coronary blood vessels marking the boundaries of the four chambers
37
coronary sulcus
sulcus that encircles the heart near the base and separates the atria from the ventricles
38
anterior interventricular sulcus
sulcus that extends obliquely down the front of the heart from the coronary sulcus toward the apex
39
posterior interventricular sulcus
sulcus that extends obliquely down the back of the heart from the coronary sulcus toward the apex
40
cusps (leaflets)
fibrous flaps of tissue covered with endocardium that make up a valve of the heart
41
atrioventricular (AV) valves
The mitral (left) and tricuspid (right) valves between the atria and ventricles of the heart; the left AV valve was formerly known as the bicuspid valve.
42
right AV (tricuspid) valve
AV valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, which has three cusps
43
left AV (mitral) valve
AV valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, which has two cusps
44
chordae tendineae (tendinous chords)
string chords that connect the valves cusps to papillary muscles on the floor of the ventricle to prevent the AV valves from flipping inside out
45
papillary muscles
conicle muscles on the floor of the ventricle to which the chordae tendineae are attached to prevent the AV valves from flipping inside out
46
semilunar valve
A valve that consists of crescent-shaped cusps, including the aortic and pulmonary valves of the heart and valves of the veins and lymphatic vessels.
47
pulmonary valve
The valve that controls the opening from the right ventricle to into the pulmonary trunk
48
aortic valve
The valve that controls the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta
49
coronary circulation
A system of blood vessels that serve the wall of the heart
50
left coronary artery (LCA)
artery supplying the heart that travels through the coronary sulcus under the left auricle and divides into the anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch
51
anterior interventricular branch
branch of the LCA that supplies blood to both ventricles and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum
52
circumflex branch
branch of the LCA that supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior wall of the left ventricle
53
left marginal branch
branch of the circumflex branch that supplies blood to the left ventricle
54
right coronary artery (RCA)
artery that supplies blood to the right atrium and the sinuatrial node (pacemaker)
55
right marginal branch
branch of the RCA that supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the right atrium and ventricle
56
posterior interventricular branch
branch of the RCA that supplies blood to posterior walls of both ventricles and the posterior portion of the interventricular septum
57
myocardial infarction
heart attack, caused by a fatty deposit or blood clot's blockage of an artery
58
arterial anastomoses
points where two arteries come together
59
collateral circulation
alternative routes of blood flow that can supply the heart tissue with blood if the primary route becomes obstructed
60
angina pectoris
chest pain caused by an obstruction of coronary blood flow
61
ischemia
deficiency of blood flow to the cardiac muscle
62
atheroma
a blood clot or fatty deposit obstructing a coronary artery
63
venous drainage
the route by which blood leaves an organ
64
small cardiac veins
tiny vessels from which 5% to 10% of the coronary blood empties directly into the heart chambers
65
great cardiac vein
vein that collects blood from the anterior aspect of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus
66
posterior interior (middle cardiac) vein
vein that collects blood from the posterior aspect of the heart and drains into the coronary sinus
67
left marginal vein
vein that travels up the apex to the left margin and empties into the coronary sinus
68
coronary sinus
a large tranverse vein in the coronary sulcus on the posterior side of the heart that collects blood from the great cardiac vein, the posterior interior vein, and the left marginal vein and empties blood into the right atrium

Physiology (15 decks)

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