2.5: Moral Reasoning Flashcards
What is an ethical dilemma?
An ethical dilemma occurs when a person must choose between two alternatives, neither of which resolves an issue in an ethically acceptable way.
Commonly described as “the lesser of two evils” or “between a rock and a hard place.”
What types of choices are involved in ethical dilemmas in business?
Wrong versus right.
Two wrongs harming different parties.
Two right choices benefiting different constituents.
What is moral reasoning?
Moral reasoning is a systematic approach to thinking through the implications of an ethical dilemma to make sound ethical decisions.
It is a conscious effort to evaluate moral issues logically.
What are the steps to effective moral reasoning?
Gather all relevant facts.
Define the moral issue.
Identify affected parties.
Develop alternative solutions.
Identify consequences for each alternative.
Identify obligations.
Apply value judgments, moral standards, and ethical principles.
Consider character and integrity.
Think creatively about actions and their justifications.
Check gut feelings.
Consider practical constraints.
Why is it important to use multiple ethical principles in moral reasoning?
No single ethical principle can fully address all aspects of a dilemma.
Using multiple principles allows a broader understanding of harms, benefits, and implications for stakeholders, leading to better decisions.
How does applying ethical principles improve business decisions?
Applying ethical principles systematically allocates benefits and harms to stakeholders, ensures fairness, and builds trust and confidence in the corporation.
How do value judgments and moral standards differ from ethical principles in moral reasoning?
Value Judgments: Person-dependent, subjective, and influenced by feelings.
Moral Standards: Reflect societal norms and group expectations.
Ethical Principles: Philosophy-based, consistent, and systematic.
