13.4: Influence of Market-Driven Environmentalism Flashcards
What is the difference between standard environmentalism and market environmentalism?
Standard environmentalism: Relies on government regulation to address environmental issues.
Market environmentalism: Uses economic incentives and market mechanisms to encourage environmental protection.
What are the key factors influencing market-driven environmentalism?
Economic growth, free trade, and property rights.
How does economic growth differ in standard vs. free-market environmentalism?
Standard: Seen as harmful due to increased environmental damage.
Free market: Viewed as dynamic, with increased income demanding better environmental quality and innovation improving conditions.
How is free trade addressed in standard vs. free-market environmentalism?
Standard: Criticized for allowing rich countries to exploit others and reduce protections.
Free market: Encourages competitiveness, clean technologies, and faster environmental progress through open trade.
What is the role of property rights in free-market environmentalism?
Property ownership creates stewardship incentives, empowering individuals to protect the environment.
What is carbon pricing, and what are its forms?
A financial tool to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including:
Cap-and-trade: Sets a cap on emissions and allows permit trading.
Carbon tax: Imposes a fee based on emissions.
Output-based pricing: Charges emissions above a set limit per unit of output.
What are offsets or emissions-reduction credits?
Credits purchased to mitigate greenhouse gases by funding clean-energy projects or carbon removal activities like reforestation.
What is carbon capture and storage (CCS), and what are its challenges?
Definition: Capturing and storing carbon dioxide underground to reduce emissions.
Challenges: High costs, energy-intensive, and requires extensive monitoring
What is the Ecofiscal Commission, and what is its purpose?
A Canadian policy institution promoting ecofiscal policies that align economic incentives with environmental goals, such as job creation and pollution reduction.
What are the criticisms of market-driven environmentalism?
Seen as “image polishing” with little commitment to environmental improvement.
Allows corporations to avoid addressing core environmental issues.
Who is Preston Manning, and what did he advocate for?
A former Canadian political leader who advocated for balancing environmental protection with economic impact assessments for development projects.
