2.5: Anxiety Flashcards
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks)
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can do what?
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, why?
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as who found?
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found.
What does the tunnel theory of memory argue?
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found.
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, why?
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, as it is a source of anxiety
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found.
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, as it is a source of anxiety, so what?
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, as it is a source of anxiety, so Zina could’ve lacked detail of the attacker’s face compared to Amanda, for example
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found.
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, as it is a source of anxiety, so Zina could’ve lacked detail of the attacker’s face compared to Amanda, for example.
What did Zina have?
Zina had high anxiety levels
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found.
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, as it is a source of anxiety, so Zina could’ve lacked detail of the attacker’s face compared to Amanda, for example.
Zina had high anxiety levels and what has research found?
Zina had high anxiety levels and research has found that this can affect recall
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found.
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, as it is a source of anxiety, so Zina could’ve lacked detail of the attacker’s face compared to Amanda, for example.
Zina had high anxiety levels and research has found that this can affect recall.
Example
For example, Johnson and Scott found that just 33% of participants in their ‘high-anxiety’ condition identified the man involved in the experiment correctly
Zina witnessed a violent incident.
The attacker pulled out a knife and threatened the victim.
Zina was close to the attacker and was very frightened and anxious.
Her friend, Amanda, was further away and less anxious.
The police took witness statements from both Zina and Amanda.
Their statements were very different.
Using your knowledge of research into the effects of anxiety on eye-witness testimony, explain why Zina’s and Amanda’s statements are different (4 marks).
Zina and Amanda’s statements are different, because anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of recall, because it can divert attention away from important features of a situation, as Loftus (1987) found.
The tunnel theory of memory argues that a witness’ attention narrows to the weapon, as it is a source of anxiety, so Zina could’ve lacked detail of the attacker’s face compared to Amanda, for example.
Zina had high anxiety levels and research has found that this can affect recall.
For example, Johnson and Scott found that just 33% of participants in their ‘high-anxiety’ condition identified the man involved in the experiment correctly, compared to what?
For example, Johnson and Scott found that just 33% of participants in their ‘high-anxiety’ condition identified the man involved in the experiment correctly, compared to 49% in the ‘low-anxiety’ condition
Explain how anxiety can affect the accuracy of EWT (4 marks)
One way in which anxiety is suggested to affect the accuracy of EWT is through the inverted-U hypothesis
Explain how anxiety can affect the accuracy of EWT (4 marks).
One way in which anxiety is suggested to affect the accuracy of EWT is through the inverted-U hypothesis.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that if anxiety is low or high, then the quality of recall will be poor in terms of accuracy and detail
Explain how anxiety can affect the accuracy of EWT (4 marks).
One way in which anxiety is suggested to affect the accuracy of EWT is through the inverted-U hypothesis.
This suggests that if anxiety is low or high, then the quality of recall will be poor in terms of accuracy and detail, while what will moderate anxiety levels do?
This suggests that if anxiety is low or high, then the quality of recall will be poor in terms of accuracy and detail, while moderate anxiety levels will facilitate the recall of much more accurate and detailed memories
