2.1: Alan Baddeley (1966)

Question 1

In an investigation into memory, participants were presented with two different lists of words.

List A: Flip, Flit, Flop, Flap, Flab, Flan, Flat.
List B: Huge, Large, Great, Giant, Vast, Mighty, Epic.

After seeing the lists, participants were tested on their ability to recall the words.

When tested immediately, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List A in the correct order.

When tested after 30 minutes, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List B in the correct order.

Using your knowledge of coding in memory, explain these findings (4 marks)

Answer 1

List A is made up of acoustically similar words

Question 2

In an investigation into memory, participants were presented with two different lists of words.

List A: Flip, Flit, Flop, Flap, Flab, Flan, Flat.
List B: Huge, Large, Great, Giant, Vast, Mighty, Epic.

After seeing the lists, participants were tested on their ability to recall the words.

When tested immediately, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List A in the correct order.

When tested after 30 minutes, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List B in the correct order.

Using your knowledge of coding in memory, explain these findings (4 marks).
List A is made up of acoustically similar words, so what?

Answer 2

List A is made up of acoustically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested immediately (STM) recall

Question 3

In an investigation into memory, participants were presented with two different lists of words.

List A: Flip, Flit, Flop, Flap, Flab, Flan, Flat.
List B: Huge, Large, Great, Giant, Vast, Mighty, Epic.

After seeing the lists, participants were tested on their ability to recall the words.

When tested immediately, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List A in the correct order.

When tested after 30 minutes, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List B in the correct order.

Using your knowledge of coding in memory, explain these findings (4 marks).
List A is made up of acoustically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested immediately (STM) recall, why?

Answer 3

List A is made up of acoustically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested immediately (STM) recall, because coding in STM is acoustic

Question 4

In an investigation into memory, participants were presented with two different lists of words.

List A: Flip, Flit, Flop, Flap, Flab, Flan, Flat.
List B: Huge, Large, Great, Giant, Vast, Mighty, Epic.

After seeing the lists, participants were tested on their ability to recall the words.

When tested immediately, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List A in the correct order.

When tested after 30 minutes, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List B in the correct order.

Using your knowledge of coding in memory, explain these findings (4 marks).
List A is made up of acoustically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested immediately (STM) recall, because coding in STM is acoustic.
What is list B made up of?

Answer 4

List B is made up of semantically similar words

Question 5

In an investigation into memory, participants were presented with two different lists of words.

List A: Flip, Flit, Flop, Flap, Flab, Flan, Flat.
List B: Huge, Large, Great, Giant, Vast, Mighty, Epic.

After seeing the lists, participants were tested on their ability to recall the words.

When tested immediately, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List A in the correct order.

When tested after 30 minutes, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List B in the correct order.

Using your knowledge of coding in memory, explain these findings (4 marks).
List A is made up of acoustically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested immediately (STM) recall, because coding in STM is acoustic.
List B is made up of semantically similar words, so what?

Answer 5

List B is made up of semantically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested after 30 minutes (LTM recall)

Question 6

In an investigation into memory, participants were presented with two different lists of words.

List A: Flip, Flit, Flop, Flap, Flab, Flan, Flat.
List B: Huge, Large, Great, Giant, Vast, Mighty, Epic.

After seeing the lists, participants were tested on their ability to recall the words.

When tested immediately, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List A in the correct order.

When tested after 30 minutes, participants found it more difficult to recall the words from List B in the correct order.

Using your knowledge of coding in memory, explain these findings (4 marks).
List A is made up of acoustically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested immediately (STM) recall, because coding in STM is acoustic.
List B is made up of semantically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested after 30 minutes (LTM recall), why?

Answer 6

List B is made up of semantically similar words, so this will cause difficulty for the participants when recalling them when tested after 30 minutes (LTM recall), because coding in LTM is semantic