25 - Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
What is the anatomical position?
- Standing
- Face forwards, eyes and toes pointing in the same direction
- Arms at your sides with palms facing forwards
- Lower limbs close together with feet parallel to each other
What are the three planes of the body?
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Transverse (axial)
What term is used to describe a structure further from the mid-sagittal plane?
Lateral
What terms are used for:
- towards the front?
- towards the back?
- upper?
- lower?
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior
What extra terms are used when describing embryos?
Cranial and caudal
What word means ‘towards the midline’?
Medial
Define:
- Proximal
- Distal
Proximal - closer to the point of attachment
Distal - further from the point of attachment
What specialised terms are used to describe the surfaces of the hands and feet?
Hands - palmar and dorsal
Feet - plantar and dorsal
What terms mean:
- nearer to the surface?
- further from the surface?
- Superficial
- Deep
Structures on the same side are ………….. to each other. Structures on opposite sides are ………….. to each other.
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
What are flexion and extension movements?
Flexion - movement of a joint away from the anatomical position in the sagittal plane
Extension - return of a joint to the anatomical position after flexion
What is abduction?
Moving structures away from the midline in the coronal plane
What is adduction?
Bringing structures back to the midline in the coronal plane, can adduct beyond the midline
What movements occur in the transverse plane?
Lateral and medial rotations
What is circumduction?
Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction resulting in circular movements of limbs.
What is supination?
Movement into the supine position (laying on back in anatomical position)
What is pronation?
Movement into the prone position (laying on front in anatomical position)
What are opposition and reposition in the hand?
Opposition - touching thumb to fingers
Reposition - returning thumb back to anatomical position
What are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion in the foot?
Dorsiflexion - moving the ankle upward (lifting toes)
Plantarflexion - moving the ankle downward (toes down)
What are eversion and inversion in the foot?
Eversion - twisting the ankle to point the plantar surface outward
Inversion - twisting the ankle to point the plantar surface inward
Why does flexion and extension of the thumb occur in the coronal plane (not sagittal)?
What movement of the thumb occurs in the sagittal plane?
Thumb is rotated by 90 degrees compared to fingers
Thumb can abduct and adduct in the sagittal plane
