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Body Logistics Revision > 22 - CNS, PNS and ANS > Flashcards

22 - CNS, PNS and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the CNS?

A
  • Brain

- Spinal Cord

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  • Somatic

- Autonomic

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3
Q

What are the three divisions of the ANS?

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
  • Enteric
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4
Q

How is grey and white matter distributed in the spinal cord?

A
  • Inner grey matter (butterfly shape)

- Outer white matter

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5
Q

How many:

  • Cervical vertebrae?
  • Thoracic vertebrae?
  • Lumbar vertebrae?
A
  • Cervical vertebrae = 7
  • Thoracic vertebrae = 12
  • Lumbar vertebrae = 5
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6
Q

At what level of the spine does the spinal cord end and continue as nerve fibres?

How is this useful clinically?

A

L1-L2

Allows you to do a lumbar puncture without damaging the spinal cord

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7
Q

The neurone at the dorsal side of the spinal cord is ……………

A

Sensory

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8
Q

The neurone at the ventral side of the spinal cord is ……………

A

Motor

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9
Q

The dorsal and ventral nerve roots come together to form a mixed ………… nerve

A

Spinal

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10
Q

How many vertebrae are fused to form the sacrum? What lies beneath the sacrum?

A

5 vertebrae form the sacrum

Coccyx

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11
Q

Spinal nerves innervate specific areas of skin and muscle, which can be mapped. What is this called for:

  • skin?
  • muscle?
A
  • Skin - dermatome

- Muscle - myotome

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12
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of cell bodies in the PNS (e.g. dorsal root ganglion)

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13
Q

The somatic system has ……. motor neurone(s) from spinal cord to effector, the autonomic system has ……. motor neurone(s)

A

One

Two (pre and post ganglionic)

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14
Q

Where is the synapse between pre- and post-ganglionic neurones found in the CNS?

A

The autonomic ganglion

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15
Q

The pre-ganglionic neurone cell body is in the ………

The post-ganglionic neurone cell body is in the ………

A

CNS

PNS (autonomic ganglion)

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16
Q

The sympathetic system has a ……… pre-ganglionic neurone and a ………. post-ganglionic neurone

A

Short, long

17
Q

The parasympathetic system has a ……… pre-ganglionic neurone and a ………. post-ganglionic neurone

A

Long, short

18
Q

In the sympathetic system, the ganglia containing post-ganglionic cell bodies lies within a structure called ….

A

The sympathetic chain (paravertebral chain)

19
Q

Where are the post-ganglionic cell bodies in the parasympathetic system?

A

Normally a ganglion in the wall of the target organ, as the pre-ganglionic fibres go almost all the way to the target.

20
Q

Which segments of the spinal cord contain the sympathetic ANS?

A

Lateral horn in T1-L2 segments

21
Q

Which segments of the spinal cord contain the parasympathetic ANS?

A

S2-S4 cord segments (structure homologous to lateral horn) and brainstem

22
Q

What is the ramus communicans?

A
  • Communicating branch

- Connects the sympathetic ganglion to the spinal nerve

23
Q

What is the difference between the white and grey ramus communicans?

A

White (myelinated)

Grey (unmyelinated)

24
Q

There are 3 routes for sympathetic fibres to reach the skin. What are they?

A
  • Supply T1-L2 dermatomes by leaving at the level of entry
  • Supply above T1 by ascending the sympathetic chain before synapsing, post-ganglionic fibres follow the path of blood vessels
  • Supply below L2 by descending the sympathetic chain before synapsing, post-ganglionic fibres join the spinal nerves at L3 and below
25
Q

How do sympathetic fibres reach the abdominal viscera?

A
  • Pre- ganglionic neurones traverse the chain (i.e. do not synapse in the sympathetic chain)
  • Instead synapse in a pre-aortic ganglion
  • Post-ganglionic fibres get to target organs along blood vessels
26
Q

What nerve is the main source of pre-ganglionic parasympathetic input to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

A

Vagus nerve

27
Q

What are the 4 specialised parasympathetic ganglia in the head (cranial)?

A
  • Ciliary ganglion - pre-ganglionics from oculomotor nerve to eye
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion - pre-ganglionics from facial nerve to lacrimal gland
  • Submandibular ganglion - pre-ganglionics from facial nerve to submandibular and sublingual glands
  • Otic ganglion - pre-ganglionics from glossopharyngeal nerve to parotid gland

Body Logistics Revision (25 decks)

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